Nature Vs Nurture Culture And Personality - 1033 Words

Tanasia Pearson SSC 101 November, 2014 Nature vs Nurture. Culture and Personality. The concept of nature versus nurture, culture and personality are major concepts in the social sciences. Nature is things that are products of â€Å"biological inheritance† (Santrock 122) and beyond anyones control. Nurture is the treatment given which in turn encourages a specific behavior. Culture is the things that are installed in you by your family and those surrounding you. Personality is all about your decisions and how you react to things based on what you learned. These concepts are incredibly significant because, the amount of nature and nurture you receive impacts the life of human beings drastically. According to simplypsychology.org, â€Å"nature focuses on genetic, hormonal, and neurochemical explanations of behaviors†. I also grasped the understanding that all behaviors are learned through the the environment and conditioning, calling this nurture. Without any nurture, in my opinion you’ll just be cold-hearted and without any understanding of others. Culture and personality are key concepts as well. Unlike personality, â€Å"culture is created by the individuals within the culture† (Colander 138). â€Å"Personality is the total organization of the inherited and acquired characteristics of an individual as evidence by the individual’s behavior† (Colander 138). In other word, the culture is already created and the person must now obey and learn the rules and practices. With a person’sShow MoreRelatedThe Concepts Of Nature Vs Nurture1273 Words   |  6 Pages The concepts of Nature vs Nurture, are major concepts in social science. Nature is the hereditary pattern of physical features in a human being s development. These features include, but are not limited to, our personality, usual and unusual appearances and the general measurements of how humans hold the attributes of being sociable, hostile behavior, their emotions, and the usage of alcohol and drugs. On the other hand Nurture is slightly different. Nurture is the influence of the environmentRead MoreEssay on Nature vs Nurture1052 Words   |  5 PagesNature vs. Nurture M. B. Liberty University Psychology 101 Nature vs. Nurture There has been extensive debate between scholars in the field of psychology surrounding the Nature vs. Nurture issue. Both nature and nurture determine who we are and neither is solely independent of the other. â€Å"As the area of a rectangle is determined by its length and its width, so do biology and experience together create us.†(Myers, 2008, p. 8) Carl Gustav Jung, and leading thinker and creator of analyticalRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture Debate878 Words   |  4 Pages When one thinks about child development, are personalities and traits produced by genetics or shaped by the environment? Or, is there a relationship between nature and nurture with regards to child development? The debate continues. While some believe â€Å"nature and nurture work together, others believe they are separate and opposing influences† (McDevitt, 2010). Nature vs Nurture In regards to the nature vs. nurture debate, â€Å"this debate is a major issue in many social science disciplines and isRead MoreNature vs Nurture: Genes vs Environment1174 Words   |  5 Pagesquote remains a mystery. Appearance is in nature and character is nurtured. Which one is more dominant on the other is a question waiting to be answered. The widely explored nature vs. nurture debate is best examined by looking at, hereditary implications, environmental factors and their interdependency. Hereditary factors play an integral part in developing persons’ physical traits, emotional traits and social etiquettes. The nature/nurture debate will be explored further using theseRead MoreThe Importance Of Nature Vs. Nurture, Culture And Gender, And Finally Family Involvement1378 Words   |  6 Pages  Ã‚  Ã‚   Influence paper Patricia Dominguez Professor: Jeannine Lombardi Class: ECE 102-003 Date: September 13, 2016   Ã‚  Ã‚   On this task I will be addressing the importance of Nature Vs. Nurture, Culture and Gender, and finally family involvement throughout the developing years of an infant. The developmental years in a child s life is classified under NAEYC 1b. The first standard has helped me understand the importance of making the student feel safe. It has made me understand that making bonds withRead MoreThe Nature Vs. Nurture1463 Words   |  6 PagesT What can we define as Human Nature and Nurture? The Nature vs. Nurture has been a long never ending debate for some time now. Nature vs Nurture has been so profoundly debated, that now it’s unclear whether what makes us who we are and what we do, nature or nurture. For purposes of this essay Nature is going to be defined as characteristics we acquire through our genetic and biological factors, while that Nurture is going to be defined characteristics we acquire through our interactions and influencesRead MoreSociology Unit 3 text Questions Essay702 Words   |  3 Pagessocialization and why is it important for humans? Socialization is the process through which people learn the language, norms, values, behaviors and other aspects of culture that a particular society views as acceptable. It is important for humans because it allows us to learn about our culture and it contributes to our personality. What is anticipatory socialization? What is one example of this? Anticipatory socialization is the process when non-group members learn to take on the values and standardsRead MoreNature Vs Nurture Debate1343 Words   |  6 Pages One topic that has been controversial to psychologist since the phrase was created in 1869 is â€Å"Nature vs Nurture†. Although the debate was started well before then, 1869 was the first time it was tied to the debate. The nature vs nurture debate is over whether you get your behavior from genetics, what you inherited from your biological parents, or if they are learned characteristics, what you learn from the environment and what you get taught. The debate can be traced back to early western philosophyRead MoreLifespan Development945 Words   |  4 Pages* Lifespan development is the field tha examine pattern of growth, change, and stability in behavior. (womb to tomb) * Major topical Areas (Physical Dev., Cognitive Dev., Personality Dev., Social Dev.) * Physical- Body and the brain. * Cognitive- Growth and behavior * Personality- Stability and change * Social- interaction and relationships grow * Cultural factors and developmental diversity * Broad factors * Orientation toward individualism orRead MoreThe Theory Of The Mind And Behavior1264 Words   |  6 Pagesthat we are born with imprinted knowledge. Aristotle, a student of Plato, theorized the concept that we were born a blank canvas and the development of our minds are sculpted by our experience, demonstrating that modern psychological debates of nature VS nurture, and interests of the functions of the mind, have been discussed for centuries. Psychology as we know it today is the scientific study of the mind and behaviour. All scientists whether chemists, biologists, physicists or psychologists must employ

Bridge on the River Kwai - 1509 Words

Bridge On The River Kwai. The film deals with the situation of British and American prisoners of war, who were captured by the Japanese during World War II and were forced to build a bridge over the river Kwai, in order to accommodate Japanese Burma-Siam railway. At first the prisoners were planning to sabotage the construction of the bridge, and to not finish the construction at the scheduled date. Because of that decision, the Japanese were forcing British officers to be working along the ordinary soldiers. The head of the prisoners was Colonel Nicholson and he was the person, who fought for the soldiers’ rights and managed to save the officers from working, for the price of sitting in the â€Å"oven†, a closed room made of pieces of steel†¦show more content†¦Colonel Nicholson, a Commander who betrayed his own people, for his own good, was never actually a person, instead there was Commander Toosey, who on the other hand was trying to delay the bridge’s construction for as lon g as possible and never betrayed his men. The destruction of the bridge at the end of the film is also entirely fictional, there was no such thing, but actually there were two bridges built, wooden and steel. The wooden one was destroyed by American air bombings and the steel one is still in use today, slightly renovated of course. There were quite a few directors for the movie, including: John Ford, William Wyler, Howard Hawks, Fred Zinnemann and Orson Welles, each of them being in charge of different roles. The movie was filmed in Sri- Lanka; most of the explosions were filmed in the deserted Kitulgala area, to make sure that no one will be harmed. The cast for the movie is: William Holden as US Navy Commander/Seaman Shears, Alec Guinness as Lieutenant Colonel Nicholson, Jack Hawkins as Major Warden, Sessue Hayakawa as Colonel Saito, James Donald as Major Clipton, Geoffrey Horne as Lieutenant Joyce, Andrà © Morell as Colonel Green, Peter Williams as Captain Reeves, John Boxer as Major Hughes, Percy Herbert as Private Grogan, Harold Goodwin as Private Baker, Ann Sears as Nurse. The film is made from the perspective ofShow MoreRelatedThe Bridge on the River Kwai500 Words   |  2 Pages1950’s film analysis is The Bridge on the River Kwai. Directed by David Lean, The Bridge on the River Kwai follows a battalion of British soldiers who find themselves trapped in a Japanese POW camp during WWII in 1943. The British soldieries are led by Colonel Nicholson (Alec Guinness) who is ordered by the commandant of the POW camp, Colonel Saito (Sessue Hayakawa), to build a railroad bridge over the Burmese river Kwai. Colonel Nicholson refuses to help build the bridge based on the fact that theRead MoreThe Movie The Bridge On The River Kwai 1750 Words   |  7 Pagesthis scene of the movie unfolds, it becomes clear the situation is not one where those people inhabit it by choice. This is the opening sequence of the film The Bridge on the River Kwai, filmed in 1957. (Lean, 1957) The film focuses on the story of prisoners of war during World War II who are ordered to build a bridge over the river Kwai in the jungles of Thailand and the trials of two very different leaders who must confront each other about this goal. Each of these two leaders, Colonel Saito andRead MoreThe Theme Of Pierre Boulles Bridge Over The River Kwai713 Words   |  3 PagesIn Pierre Boulle’s Bridge Over the River Kwai, there are many obstacles the British prisoners face. The main one being having to follow the orders of their Japanese captors to build a bridge. With the help of Colonel Nicholson, the British end up taking over the camp and building the bridge by their own standards. At the same time, an American trio of soldiers are planning on destroying the bridge. Colonel Nicholson ends up saving the bridge from any destruction that cannot be easily fixed, but atRead MorePlanet of the Apes Essay examples1838 Words   |  8 PagesFrench Indochina. In 1943 he was captured by the Vichy France loyalists on the Mekong River. While a prisoner, he was subjected to severe hardship and forced labor. Pierre Boulle would settle in a hotel in the Quartier Latin in Paris, then at his sister’s, recently widowed, to begin his career as a novelist. The novels he wrote were a mixture of both his experiences and his imagination. The Bridge over the River Kwai and The Planet of the Apes. Pierre Boulle wrote The Shimmering Universe when he wasRead More How the Red Scare Created a Hollywood Blacklist Essay930 Words   |  4 Pagescommunists. Because of this, they were unable to obtain work in the American film and television industry for many years. Some of those blacklisted continued to write Hollywood films, using false names. This allowed movies such as The Bridge on the River Kwai to be completed. Several screenwriters moved to other countries, where they were able to find work in film. Most estimates indicate that the blacklist involved approximately three hundred and twenty-five employees in film and related industriesRead MoreU.S.s Influence on British Cinema Culture Between 1930 and 1980826 Words   |  4 Pagesthings began to pick up again for the British film industry as America began to invest in more and more films meaning that the storylines were partly American and partly British which appealed to both countries. Films such as Bridge on the River Kwai are an example of this. The fifties also saw the growth of television and as a result of it, family cinema trips were not as common as they had been before. More specific audiences emerged which the film industry now had toRead MoreFilm/Viewer Interaction in Apocalypse Now Essay1541 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The horror... the horror...†- Colonel Kurtz are the last lines of Apocalypse Now, the Francis Ford Coppola directed war-film masterpiece, which truly explores horror. Typical war films, like Kubrick’s Full Metal Jacket or Boulle’s The Bridge on the River Kwai, follow the camaraderie of a protagonist and his unit and their struggles that build up to a violent and climactic confrontation where both sides sustain losses to illustrate the tragedy of war. Apocalypse Now is different; there are onlyRead MoreMidterm 2 Essays James Pham1829 Words   |  8 PagesA film, The Blackboard Jungle, introduced the rock music for the teenagers to rapidly adopt this exciting new kind of music in mid-late 1950’s. The birth of the blockbuster occurred in 1956. In films Around the World in 80 days and The Bridge on the River Kwai were both seen with the application of popular melodies, that is, walz tune and a British march. Adolph Deutsch employs traditional symphonic scoring in the film Something like it Hot. He liberal ly integrates popular music to underscoreRead MoreJapanese Occupation Affect Nationalism in Indonesia2478 Words   |  10 PagesPraptowidjojo, who were forced to slave on the Burma railway. Originally from Surakarta, he had been a railway worker in Surabaya before being sent to Singapore and then on to Thailand to work on the railway, where he witnessed the destruction of the bridge on River Kwai. He and his fellow Javanese worker saw those around them dying initially at the rate of three a day, den five, then ten. Even though Savramn survived, he joining the thousands who did not return to Java after the war, preferring to marry andRead MoreA Comparison of the Representation of the Future of The Matrix and Planet of the Apes3441 Words   |  14 Pageshowever contrasts between the two. POTA is distinctly pessimistic, a far cry from the original Pierre Boulle novel named ‘Monkey Planet’ (also famous for writing the novel ‘The Bridge On The River Kwai’). Instead, screenwriters Michael Wilson (credited for the highly ironic ‘The Bridge On The River Kwai’, as well as ‘Lawrence Of Arabia’ and unaccredited for ‘It’s A Wonderful Life’ amongst others) and Rod Serling created that famous, original ending that has a slight irony and

Essay Writing Rubric High School 5 Main Traits Your Paper Will Be Graded For

As a student, you will have to write several essays before you graduate. In fact, your professor may demand that you write descriptive essays for each topic he or she introduces in class. This may sound unfair, but you still have to write and submit your essays at the end of the day to be able to pass your course. The score for the essays will be used to calculate your overall grade and this makes delivering top-quality papers very important if you want to graduate with good grades. There are a few things that lecturers look at when marking and grading your academic papers. Knowledge of the things that they at look when grading your essays will help you better structure your papers; here is the essay writing rubric high school professors make use of. 1.   Focus and Details You will be highly-graded if your essay is built around a clear and focused topic with the topic supported by accurate and relevant information. The less clear your topic is, the poorer your score will be. Other than a clear and focused topic, your arguments for or against this issue have to be accurate and relevant. Relevancy is very important as you write your essay, and you will be penalized when it emerges that your paper is full of irrelevant information. You should also not write just for the sake of attaining the desired word count. Every sentence in your paper should contain valuable information on the paper’s subject matter. 2.   Organization You will be highly-graded when your paper is organized properly. Organization in essay writing goes deeper than the arrangement of the paragraphs in your paper. It, actually, encompasses the flow of ideas in your essay. An essay should be divided into three parts which include the introduction, the body of the essay, and the conclusion. The introduction should introduce the essay by stating the topic and giving an overview. The body discusses these main issues, and the conclusion summarizes things up. Your paper should be organized properly so that these sections transit smoothly and in a logical manner. 3.   Voice Voice in an essay highlights a writer’s ability to relate to his or her audience. Depending on the subject matter, a writer can choose to support or criticize the issue at hand, and your ability to do this effectively will determine whether you will be highly-graded for your essay or not. 4.   Word Choice The words you use when writing your essay are very important and you should, therefore, strive to use them correctly to gain high marks for your essays. Don’t use words repetitively as this makes your text plain and boring. You should instead replace words with their synonyms to make your writing pleasant to read. 5.   Grammar and Sentence Structure You will also be rated on your grammar and the structure of the sentences in your essay. Your sentences should be of varying lengths and your text should not contain grammar errors. Most professors rely on the above-mentioned rubric when grading essays. Use these tips when writing your essay to present the best possible results.

The Differences in Josephine and Mrs. Mallard of Kate...

The Differences in Josephine and Mrs. Mallard of Kate Chopins The Story of an Hour Free! Body and soul free!, Mrs. Mallard kept whispering. One persons ultimate freedom may be seen as a tragedy to another. Kate Chopin illustrates this idea in The Story of an Hour. The story is set in the nineteenth century. Chopin uses the death of Mr. Mallard to show the reader Mrs. Mallards deep feelings. In the story, Josephine and Mrs. Mallard are sisters. Although the women come from the same background, live in the same city, and outwardly appear to be satisfied with their lives, their attitudes are very different. Chopin uses these two women as foil characters in the story. The differences in the women are seen in their reactions to†¦show more content†¦Mallard lets the reader know she feels imprisoned by her life as Mrs. Mallard, Mr. Mallards wife. Mrs. Mallard feels stifled and bound by her limited opportunities. Josephine and Mrs. Mallard may be sisters, but they have very different outlooks on a womans role in society. The differences in Josephine and Mrs. Mallard are evident in their reactions to the news of Mr. Mallards death. Josephine cannot find a ray of hope in Mr. Mallards death. She is overwhelmed with sadness. She is very careful how she tells Mrs. Mallard of her husbands death. Josephine uses broken sentences and veiled hints when telling Mrs. Mallard of Mr. Mallards death. Josephine knows that Mrs. Mallard depends on her husband for everything. However, Mrs. Mallards reaction to the news is very different. Mrs. Mallard loves her husband. She is saddened by the news, but she is able to see into the future. She is able to see a future with color and brightness. Mrs. Mallard feels set free from bondage. She no longer sees a world of restrictions but a world of opportunity and adventure. Her husbands death brings revival to her soul. Chopin says, Mrs. Mallard is drinking in a very elixir of life through that open window. The news of Mr. Mallards death is tragic but brings very different reac tions from Josephine and Mrs. Mallard. At the end of the story, when Mr. Mallard enters his house, Josephine and Mrs. Mallard respond very distinctly. JosephineShow MoreRelatedThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1540 Words   |  7 PagesIn Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, the main character, Mrs. Louise Mallard, is a woman with a heart problem that gets horrifying news that her husband has passed away in a train crash. When she starts thinking about her freedom, she gets excited; she is happy to start her new, free life. However, a few hours later her husband walks in the door and she finds out it was all a mistake. When she realizes her freedom is gone her heart stop and she then dies. In â€Å"Desiree’s Baby† Desiree is an orphanedRead MoreThe Power Of Freedom By Kate Chopin1279 Words   |  6 Pagestwo authors that were discussed in EFL 095 that use the theme of freedom in their short stories. First of all, there is Kate Chopin’s thousand word short story, â€Å"The Stor y of an Hour,† which has understandably become a favorite selection for collections of short stories as well as for anthologies of American literature (Berkove 1). â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† describes the personal circumstances of Kate Chopin’s life after the death of her husband, which opened up the door to develop her talent in writingRead MoreCompare and Contrast - Story of an Hour and Astronomers Wife648 Words   |  3 PagesCompare and Contrast Story of an Hour and Astronomers Wife It is a very difficult task for women to live a content life while in a despondent marriage. Though it has been done, it is simply no easy task. In the short stories Story of an hour, and Astronomers Wife Kate Chopin and Kay Boyle both suggests to their readers that a woman needs a man to connect with her physically to be happy. The two stories both share the thesis that women are being held back by their husbands and thereRead More Struggles for Release2198 Words   |  9 Pages The two American short stories, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin and â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† by Nathaniel Hawthorne both portrays a similar theme. The two protagonists in both short stories suffer mental or emotional torture and was trap in a literary cage. In addition, both characters in the stories meet death in the end, and that death symbolizes their freedom from the world and society that was grasping on to them. A main topic of American short stories that constantly show s up since the earlierRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1150 Words   |  5 PagesKate Chopin’s work â€Å"The Story of An Hour†, is a short story focusing on the death of Mrs. Mallard’s husband, who supposedly died in a tragic train wreck. Upon hearing the news of her husband’s death, she strangely didn’t respond the way many loving wives would. Mrs. Mallard’s response showed the realization of how this death would affect her future life. Although Mrs. Mallard realizes that she will grieve her adoring spouse s passing, however she likewise predicts numerous years of opportunity,Read MoreThe Story of an Hour and A Pair of Silk Stockings Essay example1299 Words   |  6 Pagesin life. Realism is represented in Kate Chopins short stories The Story of an Hour and A Pair of Silk Stockings. In both the short stories, the main characters get to face a dream/fantasy that they’ve always wanted to encounter; something rare that la sted only for a short amount of time. The freedom that each character got was some sort of new freedom that they never experienced before. For example in The Story of an Hour, the main character Louise Mallards is feels oppressed because she cantRead MoreStory of an Hour by Lawrence L. Berkove3379 Words   |  14 Pagesâ€Å"Fatal Self-Assertion in Kate Chopins ‘The Story of an Hour.’† American Literary Realism 32, no. 2 (winter 2000): 152-58. [In the following essay, Berkove contends that Chopins narration of â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is ironic rather than straightforward.] Kate Chopins thousand-word short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† has understandably become a favorite selection for collections of short stories as well as for anthologies of American literature. Few other stories say so much in so few wordsRead MoreGender Roles and Marriage Essay1997 Words   |  8 PagesThe examination of gender roles and marriage are seen through the following short stories The Story of an Hour, The Necklace, and Country Lovers, along with scholarly articles based on gender role and marriage. Evaluation of these literary works shows quite clearly that social and economic class affects choice in marriage. Gardiner’s County Lovers presents its fairly clear theme right from the beginning of the story. Yes, there is a theme of race, but if you look even deeper you can see the underlyingRead MoreRelationships in Cathedral and the Story of an Hour1968 Words   |  8 PagesCathedral and The Story of an Hour Relationships are easy to make, but not necessarily easy to maintain. There are many events in a person’s individual life that has an impact on the way they treat or interact with another person. In Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† and Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Cathedral† there are significant similarities and differences between the three couples. Given the time period that these stories were written there are many more similarities than differences. One of the

Funny in Farsi Analysis Free Essays

Funny in Farsi Analysis Firoozeh Dumas is an Iranian-American writer, known for creating the memoir ‘Funny in Farsi’. Born in Iran, Dumas tells of her childhood memories and how she and her family moved to America when she was just seven years old. Soon after the events that took place on September 11th, friends had encouraged her to publish the stories that she had written. We will write a custom essay sample on Funny in Farsi Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now By doing this, she would be able to tell Americans of how Middle Eastern cultures are not what the media portrays them to be. Throughout the memoir, Dumas aims to show Americans that Iranians are truly virtuous and have a sense of humor. With the use of lighthearted humor, emotional appeal, and family anecdotes, Dumas shows that Iranians are not, (in any way,) what we think they are. Dumas attempts to show us that Iranians have a sense of humor by establishing a lighthearted tone from the beginning of the piece. As opposed to keeping the piece serious, she ends the very first passage saying that even though her brother was far away from her it was merely a â€Å"small price to pay for owning a Barbie†. Though she could have been focusing on the distance from her brother, she was rather occupied with her Barbie, an act fairly typical for a seven-year-old girl. The phrase can help many readers feel nostalgic. Many people have some sort of object or toy tied to a relative, and being with that particular toy can make it seem as if we are with that loved one. At the same time, this also sparks emotional appeal and nostalgia to the reader; many of us, as children had found ourselves happy at the receipt of a new toy, even if we had been crying just seconds before. Dumas easily uses both strategies at the same time to show the innocence and humor of Middle Eastern cultures. After a rather embarrassing first day of school (with her mother,) Dumas decided that from that day on, her mother would â€Å"have to stay home†. Dumas uses a combination of a family anecdote as well as self-deprecation to showcase the innocence and humor of the Middle Eastern people. Dumas attends her very first day of school with her mother to. The day proves to be embarrassing to Dumas, as it â€Å"negated† the impression she had made just the other day. The students had begun to stare at them not because they could not speak English, but because they appeared rather dimwitted. The author belittles herself by the use of self-deprecation; because of this, the audience is able to identify with her. Dumas does this successfully by admitting that she and her mother appeared â€Å"stupid†, further reinforcing it by saying that her first impression had been â€Å"negated† by the day’s events. The word negated communicates the idea that Dumas’ hard work in impressing her teacher, Mrs. Sandberg had been done in vain. It makes her more likeable to her readers, and only strengthens her message that Iranians are merely virtuous and humble people. The September 11 attacks had left many Middle Eastern cultures with awful stereotypes. Dumas’ memoirs, however, successfully convey the image that Middle Eastern people are not what the media tells us. With the use of a lighthearted tone and Dumas’ humorous story of going to school and owning Barbie’s, Funny in Farsi shows the audience that the Iranian people (and perhaps other Middle Eastern cultures,) are indeed innocent, virtuous, and humble people. How to cite Funny in Farsi Analysis, Essay examples

Avago Technologies and Broadcom Announce

Question: Discuss about the Avago Technologies and Broadcom Announce. Answer: Introduction: Broadcom is a company that has been dominating the market by providing the required technology and engineering that ascribes to the world standards (Corporation, 2017). The company boasts of various innovations that have seen it work and collaborate with other businesses such as the Hewlett-Packard in providing the necessary technology in the market. One of the primary objectives of Broadcom is to provide technologies and infrastructure that join and connect the world (Corporation, 2017). The purpose of this report is to analyze the effectiveness of these three aspects of transportation management, namely incoterms selection consideration, carrier selection criteria and carrier relationship management for Broadcom Limited Company. The factors named above are critical to the success of companies such as Broadcom in facilitating the appropriate mode of transport thus reducing the costs in the long-run. Broadcom has a heritage of supplying technologies that are either analog or digitally based on semiconductors majoring in communications that are wireless, wired infrastructure and providing digital storage for data enterprises(Smith, 2016).The company began in 1961 as a division of the Hewlett-Packard that specialized in the production of semiconductor products. Today, the company has facilitated innovation of technologies such as the optical sensors, microwaves, and the fiber optics. The company has headquarters in both Singapore and California providing for two major markets. Broadcom merged with Avago Technologies, and the two became one in 2016 (Team, 2015).Broadcom limited has mastered the world in creating innovative technologies that are required by manufacturers of items such as Smartphones and the optic sensors used in various industries. The mobile technology has grown immensely from the efforts of companies such as Broadcom. In 2015; Broadcom was forced to exit the market as a result of stiff competition in the cellular market with companies such as Qualcomm dominating the market. Other significant players in the market who provide stiff competition include companies such as Applied Materials among others (Smith, 2016). Incoterms Selection Criteria In the publications of the international chamber of commerce, there are rules for various modes of transport and the rules are suitable for both the inland and waterway transport. However, the ICC made some amendments that were meant to ensure that the terms that were multimodal were used appropriately instead of using a repeat of the maritime conditions. In using the right term requires the seller to choose some elements that are fundamental (Malfliet, n.d.). One of the factors that are critical is the nature of the goods that is whether the products are manufactured or containerized. The mode of shipment is also crucial where the goods may be shipped or uses the multimodal. The nature of the products that Broadcom transacts with such as the wireless communications, the fiber optics, the LEDs and the optical sensors are items that can be shipped in containers for exportation. The products can also be packaged in boxes that make it convenient for shipment by the seller and sent to the buyer. However, the mode of transfer is the biggest problem. Broadcom should adopt the Delivered at the place; this is because this method of shipment allows the seller to bear all the risks till the commodities get delivered at the buyers destination. The buyer pays for all the costs associated with the customs duty and the taxes in such a place (Strong, 2013). Countries often tend to have different customs duties and taxation fees, and as such it will relieve Broadcom of such costs that have the impact of increasing operational costs. Delivered at a place is convenient as it allows the buyer to inspect the goods and see if there are any damages, whether the goods are of th e required amount and the right standard. As opposed to the other Incoterms such as the Free on Board, Delivered at a Place reduces the possibility of shifting the blame on the seller in case the products get damaged it is easy to know where they got damaged from as the products are checked at the point of entry by the buyer (Malfliet, n.d.). The goods that Broadcom sells are more of electronic and in most cases the chances of getting damaged are high. It is due to the nature of the products that makes it convenient to use the Incoterm DAP; the method also allows the buyer to have access to all documentation regarding the commodities once the goods arrive at the point of entry (Strong, 2013). The seller in this case only incurs the exportation costs. Shipment of products by air is one of the most convenient and fastest means that gets goods delivered at the buyers premises (Malfliet, n.d.). In this case, the goods that Broadcom trades in are items such as fiber optics and the silicon hardware can be shipped through the use of air. In such a case it ensures that such products are delivered on time, and as such serve the market demands though the costs with the air transport are expensive, it is the fastest. Broadcom as such can serve many markets at a go with the use of the air travel. Carrier Selection Criteria Shipment companies and the customers both strive to achieve their goals but in different mannerisms. Insurers are also important as they over the goods against risks that may arise in the process of transportation. The need for speed is a factor that is important for both the shippers and their clients (Coyle, Langley Jr, Gibson, Novack, 2012). With Broadcom, geographical coverage is an important factor more so where the customers for the products are spread in the United States which means the market served is large. The carrier thus chosen should be in a position to access the traffic across the markets with easiness so as to supply the clients with the silicon made hardware (Coyle, Langley Jr, Gibson, Novack, 2012) . Most of the Broadcom products are electronic in nature and therefore require better handling to avoid or minimize damage as most of the products are expensive. It is, therefore, important that the carrier chosen should have experience of handling such commodities with little chances of damaging the products. Availability of facilities and equipment to handle the goods that are supplied by Broadcom is another key element to consider. The carrier should have the equipment that can accommodate the hardware to be transported (Donney, 2010). Equipment such as the fork lifters for loading the packed electronics in the cargo and also the containers for both the shipment and domestic purposes are an asset for a carrier. Ability to have information shared by the carrier is also necessary more so in the case of products that Broadcom engages with which require frequent monitoring due to purposes and the functions they serve. As such it is important that the carrier have an Electronic mapping to view the cargo on transit and there should be communication between the people transporting the cargo and the carrier officers providing information on the progress of the consignment (Donney, 2010). The strength of the carrier regarding financial stability is critical for Broadcom. There is need to check documents such as the balance sheet and the income statements so as to know the future carrier prospects regarding continuity and also to assess the capability of the carrier to pay the cargo in case of damage or loss of the consignment (Donney, 2010). The freight should also charge fees that are fair as compared to other carriers in the market. It is important to note that in case the costs of a carrier are high it means that the operating costs of Broadcom will increase which has the effect of either making their products expensive as compared to the competitors (Mukherjee, 2016). On the other hand, it may have the effect of reducing the profits of the company. The carrier should also be reliable regarding delivering the cargo on time. In most cases, Broadcom would always want to deliver on time to their esteemed clients so that their customers on the other side can serve their markets and needs on time. As such Broadcom should choose a carrier that is efficient in keeping time. Carriers that have a history of being unreliable should be avoided at all costs (Donney, 2010). Carrier relationship management Outsourcing is very common for most companies due to the nature of services it offers and the convenience it provides. Broadcom should outsource with the aim of reducing the transportation costs associated with its fleet. With outsourcing, there is the effect of reducing costs of transport thus lessen the cost of production (Robbinson, 2015). Broadcom outsourcing a carrier means that the company can concentrate on the manufacture of the silicon hardware where it has expertise thus specializing more in the production. At times the damage of cargo on transit happens because Broadcom lacks the know-how and skill of handling such cargo. On the other hand, when a carrier is outsourced, it means that the carrier company specializes in transporting and handling the cargo and as such reduces the chances of damage or loss (Robbinson, 2015). Outsourcing is also often used in new markets where the company has limited knowledge of how the markets operate. Broadcom in such a case where it is serving a market that it barely understands would outsource so as to avoid the risks and uncertainties associated with transporting cargo in such a market (Nandi, Ganapathi, 2015). Type 2 partnerships would be appropriate for Broadcom particularly when its line of production is defined; it manufactures silicon made hardware for various uses. In this type of relationship, it is based on a long-term basis which means that the appropriate infrastructure gets developed over time to accommodate the nature of products produced by Broadcom. With this kind of partnership, more activities are handled, and it is an advantage to Broadcom since it means that more services get provided along the way and thus strengthens the transport infrastructure for Broadcom. In building the relationship between Broadcom and the partnership, some factors are important (Chikwava, 2012). Planning is fundamental for partnerships so as to ensure that both parties perform as per what has been planned. It is the role of Broadcom to ensure that there is a plan as to how the transport system will work for it to avoid inconveniences in future. The role of communication is important for Broadcom and the partner. The need for sharing information that is critical for decision making cannot be ignored if partnerships are to work efficiently. In such associations, it is also important that the risks be shared equally and also the same should apply for benefits. As such it ensures that burdens do not fall only on one party which may ruin the success of partnership (Chikwava, 2012). Trust is a virtue that strengthens partnership; Broadcom should act in the best interest of the partner. It is trust in most cases that facilitates proper functioning of partnership as both parties believe each other in their operation knowing that there is nothing that is hidden. In transportation, there is the need for immense trust and cooperation as at times there may be a breakdown of the system and it is the role of the parties to have tremendous faith in each other. Conclusion Broadcom limited has been in the market for more than 56 years in providing semiconductor technologies (Corporation, 2017). However, some aspects are important in operating such a company such as the Incoterms that it uses in moving its cargo to various destinations. The appropriate choice of an Incoterm such as the Delivered at the point ensures that the cargo is safe and facilitates inspection while air transport ensures that the product is delivered faster where urgency is necessary (Malfliet, n.d.) The selection criteria for a carrier is also required where factors such as the availability of equipment to accommodate the goods in transit and also the experience of a carrier to reduce chances of damaging the products. The flow of information is also required for the carrier in the process of transporting the cargo to the destination so as to keep the client at bay on the progress of the load (Donney, 2010).Outsourcing is considered sufficient by most companies due to the specialization it offers in providing customized services to the customer outsourcing. For a company such as Broadcom, it is vital to outsource transportation is it reduces the cost of transport which on the other hand reduces operating costs. However, with outsourcing, there is the need for partnerships designed to reduce the expenses in the long-run and also providing other many services to Broadcom limited. References Chikwava, K. (2012). Sustaining contractual business (1st ed.). [Place of publication not identified]: Xlibris Corp. Corporation, B. (2016). Avago Technologies and Broadcom Announce Preliminary Election Results of Broadcom Shareholders. GlobeNewswire News Room. Retrieved from https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2016/01/26/804526/0/en/Avago- Technologies-and-Broadcom-Announce-Preliminary-Election-Results-of-Broadcom- Shareholders.html Corporation, B. (2017). Company History. Broadcom.com. Retrieved from https://www.broadcom.com/company/about-us/company-history/ Corporation, B. About Us. Broadcom.com. Retrieved from https://www.broadcom.com/company/about-us/ Coyle, J., Langley Jr, C., Gibson, B., Novack, R. (2012). Supply chain management (1st ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Donney, T. (2010). carrier selection criteria (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.agcs.allianz.com/assets/PDFs/risk%20bulletins /ARC_RB17_en_Carrier_Selection_Guidelines.pdf Malfliet, J. Incoterms 2010 and the mode of transport: how to choose the right term (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.cutn.sk/library/proceedings/mch_2011/editovane_prispevky/malfliet-163-pdf Mukherjee, K. (2016). Supplier selection criteria and methods: past, present and future. International Journal Of Operational Research, 27(1/2), 356.https://dx.doi.org /10.1504/ijor.2016.078470 Nandi, S., Ganapathi, S. (2015). Logistics management (1st ed.). New York [u.a.]: Oxford Univ. Pr. Robbinson, A. (2015). 4 Core Benefits of Outsourcing Transportation Management. Transportation Management Company | Cerasis. Retrieved from: https://cerasis.com/2015/07/29/outsourcing-transportation-management/ Sikka, P. (2015). Avago Announces Acquisition of Broadcom Today, a $37-Billion Deal - Market Realist. Marketrealist.com. Retrieved from https://marketrealist.com/2015/05/avago-acquire-broadcom-37-billion/ Smith, L. (2016). Avago Completes Acquisition of Broadcom | StorageReview.com Storage Reviews. Storagereview.com. Retrieved from https://www.storagereview.com/avago_completes_acquisition_of_broadcom Strong, S. (2013). Incoterms-2010-DAP-DAT-or-DDP-Is-it-D-for-Dangerous. Strongandherd.co.uk. Retrieved from https://www.strongandherd.co.uk/international-trade-articles/april-2013-incoterms-2010-ndash-dap-dat-or-ddp-is-it-d-for-dangerous/ Team, T. (2015). Forbes Welcome. Forbes.com. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2015/06/02/broadcom-to-be-acquired-by-avago-in-record-tech-deal/#31962bdf3e13

The Employment and HR Practices-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: The Employment and HR practices used by US-owned and Japanese-owned companies with operations in Singapore are best explained by their country-of-origin. To what extent do you agree with this claim? Answer: Human resource management plays a crucial role in the management of the organization. As a matter of fact, it is the centre of corporate strategy. It is considered as the attribute to the fact in which it facilitates an organization to improve the situation of the company for attaining objectives and forming sustainable competitive advantages. Employment is a relationship between two parties which is based on the contract where work is paid for. Employment law considers the employee of the organization regarding their wages, salaries, dismissal justification, and employer insolvency and working schedules. There is a number of laws and legislation which may affect the management of human resources in the organization. The topic of the essay indicates to describe the practices of HR and employment utilized by US owned companies and Japanese owned companies with operations in Singapore and it requires an effective explanation by their country of origin. The employment and HR practices of US owned company is entirely different from other country. Guest, (2011), argues that the concept of dealing employees and way of working in the organization of US is different which influence many organizations of different countries to deal with them. The operations with Singapore organization of US owned company is reflecting the effective combination between the HR practices and employment. Clegg, Kornberger Rhodes, (2007), stated that the culture of the Singapore regarding HR practices is different so it can be analyzed easily that the difference will be come in the organization of Singapore in comparison of US. Cultural factor is considered as the major factor which may define the entire condition regarding this topic. Wide-ranging cultural differences from country to country demand corresponding differences in HR practices among a companys foreign subsidiaries. Difference in economies system among countries also the cause of difference of HR practices. Efficiency is required on essential basis in the case of high labor costs. For instance, HR Practices aimed to improve the employee performance. Inter-country differences in labor costs are substantial. It has been analyzed that the hourly compensation cost in U.S. dollars for production workers which recently reached at peak and ranged from a high of $25.56 in Germany to a low of $2.65 in Mexico. It impacts the working style of the US owned companies with operations in Singapore. In the context of particular interest to operations of other country with Singapore is the suggestion that political forces such as professional associations, unions and governments are important factors of HR practices. It has been evaluated that the government of the Singapore organization is has taken a more active and interventional approach to economic development. Tiwari, (2013), argued that government wage policies have vital role in the highly successful economic development of the coun try. However, the Singapore National Productivity Board and other institutions announced that raining and development program should be developed in the organization to give proper training to new joining so that the vision and mission of the organization has clear in the view of new joiner. Along with that it provides a range of executive and management development training. Furthermore, professional organization in Singapore such as Singapore Institute of Personnel Management and the Singapore Institute of Management focus on providing the adequate training and development program on up-to-date HRM and other management skills. I agree with the topic of the essay that the employment and HR practices used by US-owned and Japanese-owned companies with operations in Singapore are best explained by their country-of-origin. It has been agreed by me due to analyze the organization of US owned and Japanese owned company with operations in Singapore. Toyota Motor Corporation is a multinational automotive Japanese company which headquarters is situated in Japan. Toyota Car Manufacturer Company has been using its principles to manufacture the reliable car as well as sustainable development of society through occupies innovative and super quality products and services. It is the company which has been spreader in all over the world. Toyota Motor Corporation is Japanese owned company which operates its operations with Singapore. It has been analyzed that the operations of Singapore organization is more effective due to have efficient HR practices and the organization of Toyota in Singapore is operating its operation as per the employment and HR Practices of Japan (Piotrowski Guyette, 2010). It is not necessary that other country follow the entire rule of another country but the organization of Toyota Company is efficient to manage the rules of Singapore government with handling the policies of Toyota Company. Due to follow the proper policy of HR practices and employment, the Toyota Company of Japan introduced its first turbocharged model in Singapore. It is the only company which has introduced a turbocharged model in Singapore. The employment and HR Practices of Singapore organization is effective and it has been suggested that Singapore unions not only show the interest of their membership but take on a cooperative role in facilitating execute government economic policies. Moreover, the more inventions strategy has been adopted by Singapore organization to encourage the incorporation of "non-cultural" HRM practices into firms operating in Singapore. It has been suggested by Tiwari, (2013), th at organization adopted HR practices which they see being used by other organizations not by observing the effectiveness of practices for their organization. The culture norms of the Far East and the vital part of the patriarchal system influence the view of Japanese worker of his relationship to an employer along with it affect the working style of the worker. It has been researched in the journal of Farley, Hoenig and Yang, (2004) that the Japanese workers are most loyal and they expect the long term relationship with organization in return for their loyalty. For instance, incentives plan of the Japan country to its employee tend to focus on the work group, while in the West the major focus of the organization is on the performance of individual worker and incentives plan has made as per their performance. On the other hand, the main focus of the organization of Singapore on the training and development program so that the employee can get better understanding about the vision and mission of the organization (Mendenhall, 2012). It has been analyzed that the hiring and selection process of each country is different but in the context of subsidiary company the process and structure of hiring and selection process is formed as per procedure of home country. The policies and practices of U.S. and Japanese companies differ with respect to the procedures utilized for selecting personnel to fill profiles overseas and the programs of training used to make ready candidates. The hiring process in US-owned Company is typical due to U.S. labors and employment laws. It has been suggested by Boselie, Dietz and Boon, (2005), that the subsidiary of the U.S. owned company should be more practical because it has to follow the rules and procedures of Singapore as well as the norms of the company made by organization as per government of home country. It has been analyzed that the local environment to persuade affiliates toward the variation of local norms and practices. Apple is a technological multinational company which is situated in America and the main aim of company is to develop and offer online services, consumer electronic and computer software (Riches, et. al., 2015). It has more than 100 subsidiaries in all over the world and one of them is in Singapore. Strategic human resource management is keeping huge importance in the MNCs, it involves typical human resource components such as hiring, payroll, discipline and training in a collaborative manner to motivate retention and improve the quality of working. There are various factors such as institutional, political and cultural which may influence the specific national features will affect the transfer of HRM practices and the intrinsic fashion in which would happen (Farndale and Paauwe, 2007). Multinational Corporation can be recognized as the important agents of the phenomenon of globalization and the business international. When the practices of HRM are congruent with MNCs strategies, it enhances the attention to develop the business plan. It has been analyzed in the article of Mellahi Wood, (2004), that strategic HRM practices are able to enhance the productivity of the employee in relation to a MNCs aims. It leaves the portion of growth and failure to the ability of the HR manager to develop the practices which should be able to correspondence with entire strategy plan of the MNCs including economical, legal, social, political and cultural constraints of the subsidiary as well as host country. Adaption of HR practices is the process of adjusting these practices to respect the values of cultural, legislations, educations and traditions. Adaptation is usually related to host country effects which refer to the extent to which HRM practices in subsidiaries are impacted by the host country context (Dowling et. al., 2008). Susaeta Pin, (2008), argued that Japanese companies can easily export their strategies to the U.S. and Europe and it has been analyzed that the US is unable to export their practices to developing countries because the foreign attitudes towards work are little bit difficult that is why the subsidiaries of US owned companies in Singapore has to face some challenges in the context of HRM practices. Barmeyer Davoine, (2006), claims that Japanese companies are more successful in transferring some of their HR practices to its subsidiaries companies and it has been evaluated that Japanese companies are failed to execute the other practices in the west especially just in time and quality circles. Government policies and labor market is different for every country which might dictate some practices to be adopted by MNCs. On the other hand it has been noted by Gabler, Barmeyer Davoine, and (2008) that MNCs must take into consideration national development plans made by host countries and a dapt HR practices and employment policies consequently. MNCs usually respect local employment practices of the country. Political processes are considered as a barrier or facilitator in MNCs for the dispersion of universal practices. On the other hand, MNCs can utilize control system to reward subsidiaries that reflects conformance with the headquarter practices. There are so many issues in compensation in international HRM and it is vital for the organization that right type of compensation is most important for employee motivation in international HRM because the risks and challenges in performing are higher. Brewster and Suutari, (2005), stated that the policies of staffing in international HRM explain the procedure through which the MNC allocate the foreign job to the most eligible candidate. It has been analyzed that there are three approaches to staffing in MNC. These three approaches are polycentric, ethnocentric and geocentric. Polycentric approach refers to International Management which is the policy included in hiring and promoting good employees within an organization who are citizens of the host country (Tungli, and Peiperl, 2009). It is an approach that includes low cost of recruiting and training with no adjustment and communication and it describes a condition that it would be done since all employees are from the same region. Ethnocentric approach is utilized in MNCs having international strategic orientation on the other hand polycentric approach is able to maintain the employee of the certain area and it is the approach which involves sending employees from the parent countries to home country. Geocentric staffing approach is used when companies execute a transnational orientation. It is the approach in which people are recruited based on their skills and experiences irrespective of their nationality (Ferner, Almond and Colling, 2005). Figure 1: Comparison of staffing approaches Source: (Charles, 2013). Expatriate is the employee who moving from home country to foreign country with or without family for completion a job. Selection the right person is vital for the organization else it raises the issues in international business. There are five categories of attributes of success such as job factors, motivational state, family situation, language skills and relational dimensions. These five attributes are considered as the main factor which will be effective in determining the suitability of an expatriate for foreign assignments (Kusluvan, et. al., 2010). Training of expatriate and employee is an essential elements included in international business is a decisive factor determining the quality and performance of HR in international business. It is important for the international business to include cross cultural training, language training and technical training regarding job profile (Dowling, 2008). The subsidiaries companies of Japanese owned company and US owned company have to s uffer so many issues and conflicts due to lack of efficient training regarding above mentioned three aspects. It is essential for cross cultural training to include understanding and appreciation of hosts country culture. It has discussed that the language of Japan and US is different and that is why it is necessary for the country to provide language training to employees so that the subsidiaries companys employee would not have to face issues regarding language. The training must provide the knowledge of the language by using the rules of verbal, written, non verbal communication widespread in host country (Susaeta Pin, 2008). Every job role has responsibility that is why it is required for the employee to be trained about the job specifications to deal with the specific requirements of the job. As for economic factors, the economic factor may influence the organization of the host country which included exogenous factor influencing HRM to MNC. The factors of exogenous could be cleared in better way with the definition of MNE. An MNE is any business that takes out transactions in or between two businesses, decision making process is operating under a system that allows affect over capabilities and resources, where the transactions are considered as the major subject to attract by factors exogenous to the home country environment of the business. Economic factors also involved the economy of the particular state (Edwards, Colling and Ferner, 2007). It has been found that the employments in the Singapore is not that much effective and when the economy is in adverse situation and the rate of employment is low and the demand of the skilled people is high, force the people to do job even under low pay. In that case the adaption of HRM practices of parent company enhance the produ ctivity of the employee as well as the growth of the economy of the particular country amplifies. Economic factors that could influence the strategies of IHRM involve the type of economy, the state of the economy, labor market, unemployment rate, relationship of employment and inflation rate. Figure 2: Influence of the political economic system on HRM Source: (Boxall and Purcell, 2011). The legal factors also influence the strategies of the IHRM strategies of the host country, Tayeb, (2005); states that international organizational activities of HRM and industrial relations are main cause of the legal factors which may influence the Singapore organizations regulated by parent company. Along with that as for social cultural factors, number of people shares a distinct way of life with common values, beliefs and attitudes that are broadcasted over the period Figure 3: phases of the transfer process Source: (Susaeta Pin, 2008). The transfer initiates with the configuration of the policies of the headquarters which will have been affected by the country of origin of the MNC. The second components include the decision by parent company to adapt the HRM practices to host country. In the third step, negotiation will take place between the parent and the host country as of to decide the role of subsidiary. Possessions of critical resources are important to decide the negotiation power of the host country. The following phase is based on the adaption of HRM practices as internationalizes by the employees of the host country. In the limelight of above discussion, it has been concluded that managing human resource management in international organization can be a complex issues. The major aim of this study was to research the transfer of HR practices and employment from Japanese owned companies and US owned companies to their subsidiaries in Singapore. The ability of MNCs is to be competitive in todays international market is reliant to their ability to evolve and adapt the major resources for the purpose of widening the global paying field. Therefore, strategies have been developed to maintain the market competitiveness with human resource management practices. Political, legal ad socio-cultural factors has been discussed in this essay to provide better understanding about the impact of transferring HR Practices from parent company to host country. References Barmeyer, C., Davoine, E. 2006, International corporate cultures : From helpless global convergence to constructive European divergence, In C. Scholz, J. Zentes, Strategic Management - New rules for old Europe? Boselie, P., Dietz, G. and Boon, C., 2005, Commonalities and contradictions in HRM and performance research,Human resource management journal,15(3), pp.67-94. Boxall, P. and Purcell, J., 2011,Strategy and human resource management. Palgrave Macmillan. Brewster, C. and Suutari, V., 2005, Global HRM: aspects of a research agenda.Personnel Review,34(1), pp.5-21. Charles, W.L.H., 2013,International Business, Tata McGraw Hill. Clegg, S., Kornberger, M., Rhodes, C., 2007, Business Ethics as Practice, British Journal of Management , 18 (2), 107 - 122. Dowling, P., 2008,International human resource management: Managing people in a multinational context, Cengage Learning. Edwards, T., Colling, T. and Ferner, A., 2007. Conceptual approaches to the transfer of employment practices in multinational companies: an integrated approach.Human Resource Management Journal,17(3), pp.201-217. Farley, J.U., Hoenig, S. and Yang, J.Z., 2004, Key factors influencing HRM practices of overseas subsidiaries in China's transition economy,The international journal of human resource management,15(4-5), pp.688-704. Farndale, E. and Paauwe, J., 2007, Uncovering competitive and institutional drivers of HRM practices in multinational corporations,Human Resource Management Journal,17(4), pp.355-375. Ferner, A., Almond, P. and Colling, T., 2005, Institutional theory and the cross-national transfer of employment policy: The case of workforce diversityin US multinationals.Journal of International Business Studies,36(3), pp.304-321. 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Tiwari, N., 2013, Managing Human Resources in International Organizations, Global Journal of Management and Business Studies. ISSN 2248-9878 Volume 3, Number 4 (2013), pp. 355-360. Tungli, Z. and Peiperl, M., 2009, Expatriate practices in German, Japanese, UK, and US multinational companies: A comparative survey of changes, Human Resource Management,48(1), pp.153-171. Whiteoak, J., Crawford, N., Mapstone, R., 2006, Impact of gender and generational differences in work values and attitudes in an Arab culture. Thunderbird International Business Review , 48 (1).