The True Story About Herland Essay Topics That the Experts Dont Want You to Hear

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Playing God In Frankenstein - 1159 Words

Scientist and Doctors over the decades have always pushed the limits and defying the odds in science and the medical field whether it is finding the cure for cancer,using robotic or prosthetic limbs for individuals with missing arms and legs etc. Usually we end up with information and cures that could help us in the future and gives us more insight on the scientific field, there are a few cases where science and medical experiments have gone majorly wrong, but let’s say hypothetically if something were to go wrong, where would we draw the line of too far when coming to experiments? Playing God has been much debated, but what do we really mean by the phrase playing god? According to CollinsDictionary.com the term ‘playing god’ refers†¦show more content†¦We also see that Victor Frankenstein has always been alone and this leads him to his madness as understood in chapter 3: â€Å"...I, who had ever been surrounded by amiable companions, continually eng aged in endeavoring to bestow mutual pleasure-I was now alone. In the university whither I was going I must form my own friends and be my own protector. (46), Victor understands that he has no one is by his side and that he truly is on his own. This quote sets up his obsession with alchemy; eventually leading to him molding,building and creating a twisted version of human-kind to creating the monster. The audience can assume that Victor runs to his knowledge and education as his form of a friend. Victor works tirelessly to not only build, but perfect his creature to his liking for two long years. Believing that he has the solution to betterment of humankind, he loses sleep and cuts off all contact with family we see the effects of his madness while building his creation has not only affected him emotionally, but also physically as clearly stated: â€Å"Every night I was oppressed by a slow fever,Show MoreRelatedConsequences For Playing God By Victor Frankenstein1438 Words   |  6 PagesCody Flowers Miss. Sibbach English IV 11 December, 2015 Consequences for Playing God Victor Frankenstein in the book Frankenstein faces many terrible situations and has to face many consequences for trying to play God’s role in creating life. Victor seen and dealt with many situations as a young boy that will lead to his madness and obsession with science. Victor has always been intrigued with science and life ever since he was a boy. He studied natural science endlessly trying to master how to createRead MoreFrankenstein: The Danger in Knowledge, Science and Playing God 1846 Words   |  7 Pagesrepresentation of the dangers of playing with science? Is he representative of the dangers of pursuing knowledge? Alternatively, does he reveal to us the dangers of playing God? Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein uses Victor Frankenstein’s creation to expose the dangers of knowledge and playing God. Shelley exposes the readers to how in the pursuit of knowledge, man too often opens Pandora’s Box and unleashes unforeseen dangers unto the world. Shelley u ses Victor Frankenstein and his creation to expose howRead MorePlaying God in Shelleys Frankenstein Essay1202 Words   |  5 PagesFor as long as science has existed to satisfy mans appetite for knowledge and exploration, there have been people with the belief that science is none other than mans attempt to play God. The 19th century was a time of enlightenment where philosophical thought began and mans concern to better himself in a psychological form developed. During this time of enlightenment and exploration however, the standards of Christianity and ethical thought challenged science and its moral reasoning. DespiteRead MoreEssay on Playing God in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1917 Words   |  8 Pages     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What differentiates Mary Shelly’s novel, Frankenstein from the majority of horror novels are the very real and timeless themes it explores.   The overriding theme of the novel - scientific investigation without consideration of morality and responsibility is still an important topic in today’s world.   â€Å"Perhaps the reality of cloning and genetic engineering makes this theme more relevant today than when Frankenstein was first published†(Patterson). This theme, along with the more subtleRead More Playing God in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay5215 Words   |  21 PagesAristotle defines the tragic hero as a man of high social status who invites the gods to punish him through overbearing pride and/or presumption – hubris. It would be simple to assign the label of hubristic tragic hero to Victor Frankenstein, but such assignment of a label would be an oversimplification. The gods in Greek drama punish, albeit harshly, in an outright manner. The tragic figure is aware that the gods have forsaken him, and he resigns to live his life under the demands of retributionRead MoreThe God Facade : A Look Into Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Dangers Of Playing God1209 Words   |  5 PagesThe God Faà §ade: A Look into Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and The Dangers of Playing God. Frankenstein by author Mary Shelley is a Gothic science fiction novel written in Switzerland between 1816–1817, and published January 1, 1818. Set in eighteenth century Geneva, Frankenstein tells the story of a young man named Victor who goes away to college to study natural philosophy, chemistry, and alchemy. When armed with the knowledge he has long been seeking, Victor spends months constructing a creatureRead MoreVictor As A God Figure1710 Words   |  7 PagesEnglish 4 17 December 2015 Victor as a God Figure Many people in history have tried to play the role of God by taking other people’s lives and trying to do what has never been done before, creating a new species. In the novel Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein accomplished this goal by creating the monster thus playing the role of God. There are even many hints and lines in the story that are related to biblical stories and ideas to compare Victor as God or a father figure towards the creatureRead MoreFrankenstein by Mary Shelly and the Island of Dr. Moreau by H.G. Comparritive Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesTwo Mad Scientists Trying to Play God By Bonique Obermuller ENG 4UO Terry Pratchett once said, â€Å"God does not play dice with the universe; He plays an ineffable game of His own devising, which might be compared, from the perspective of any of the other players.† In the novels Frankenstein by Mary Shelly and The Island of Dr. Moreau by H.G. Wells the characters Victor Frankenstein and Dr. Moreau are scientists who take their experiments too far. Both Victor and Moreau are very smartRead MoreWho Is The Villain? - Frankenstein Or The Monster?1206 Words   |  5 PagesMarch 9, 2015 Who is the Villain? – Frankenstein or the Monster? Every story has its hero and villain. Some authors’ works easily clarify the debate between which character is the ultimate protagonist or the antagonist, but sometimes the author tries to toy with readers’ minds. Similarly, Frankenstein’s author, Marry Shelley is one of the authors who is not straightforward about who is the villain in her novel. In Frankenstein, both the Monster and Victor Frankenstein could be considered the villainsRead MoreComparing Frankenstein And The Creature981 Words   |  4 PagesAt the first glance, Victor Frankenstein and his Creature appear as complete opposites with little to nothing in common. Victor seems intelligent and humane while the Creature’s actions insinuate that he possesses uneducated and monstrous qualities. After becoming more familiar with the characters and their actions, the pair still seem to have a few differences; however, they share some key characteristics. Finally, after analyzing Frankenstein and the Creature’s personalities and habits, it becomes

Cash Basis vs. Accrual Basis Accounting free essay sample

Cash basis accounting and the accrual basis accounting are two accounting methods used to keep track of a business’s income and expenses. In accrual basis accounting, revenue is recorded as it is earned and expenses are recorded when they generate revenue. Under cash basis accounting, only transactions involving increases or decreases of the entity’s cash are recorded. One of the major differences is the reporting of net income and net cash flows from operations. The cash basis is the more commonly used method of accounting by individuals and small businesses with sales of less than $5 million per year whereas accrual basis is used by large companies and is required of corporations whose stock is publicly traded. With accrual basis accounting being more complex, it provides more financial information about a company, therefore, providing more meaningful financial reports. Cash basis accounting is the simple method. It provides a more accurate picture of how much actual cash your business has because it only deals with cash transactions. We will write a custom essay sample on Cash Basis vs. Accrual Basis Accounting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Companies record transaction when they have an increase or decrease of cash. However, this doesn’t give you a clear picture of a company’s operations and financial performance. In summary, the difference is the timing when transactions, including sales and purchases, are credited or debited to your account. If your business is simple, then cash basis will do, but accrual basis provides the â€Å"big† picture of business operations. Cash Basis vs. Accrual Basis Accounting free essay sample Accrual accounting doesn’t just focus on cash flows, instead, it also reflects other resources that are provided and consumed by business operations during a period. This method measures resources provided by business operations by revenue. The measure of resources used to earn revenues is expenses. The difference between revenues and expenses is net income/loss. Accrual basis net income provides a better measure of performance because it attempts to measure the resource inflows and outflows generated by operations during the reporting period, which may not provide the same amount of cash inflows and outflows. Accruals involve transactions where the cash outflow or inflow takes place in a period after the expense or revenue recognition. â€Å"Selling on credit and projects that provide revenue streams over a long period of time affect the companys financial condition at the point of the transaction. Therefore, it makes sense that such events should also be reflected on the financial statements during the same reporting period that these transactions occur†. We will write a custom essay sample on Cash Basis vs. Accrual Basis Accounting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Investopedia, 2013). While cash basis is the difference between cash receipts and cash disbursements from providing goods and services. For cash basis accounting, a transaction happens only when money is exchanged. â€Å"Revenues are reported on the income statement when cash is received from the customers. Expenses are reported on the income statement when cash is paid out. This is one of the problems with cash basis accounting because adjusting entries help ensure that all revenues earned in a period are recognized in that same period, regardless of when cash is received†. (Averkamp, 2004). For accrual basis accounting, â€Å"revenues are recorded on the income statement when they are earned, which more often than not occurs before cash is received. Expenses are recorded on the income statement in the period when they occur/expire which is often in a different period from when the payment is made. This method of accounting provides a better picture of the company’s profits during an accounting period because the income statement will report all of the revenues actually earned during the period and all of the expenses incurred in order to earn the revenues. This method also helps because it reports all the assets that were earned are reported and all the liabilities that were incurred are reported†. (Averkamp, 2004).

The Montgomery Bus Boycott Essay Example For Students

The Montgomery Bus Boycott Essay The Montgomery bus boycott changed the way people lived and reacted toeach other. The American civil rights movement began a long time ago, as earlyas the seventeenth century, with blacks and whites all protesting slaverytogether. The peak of the civil rights movement came in the 1950s startingwith the successful bus boycott in Montgomery Alabama. The civil rightsmovement was lead by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who preached nonviolence andlove for your enemy. Love your enemies, we do not mean to love them as a friend or intimate. Wemean what the Greeks called agape-a disinterested love for all mankind. Thislove is our regulating ideal and beloved community our ultimate goal. As westruggle here in Montgomery, we are cognizant that we have cosmic companionshipand that the universe bends toward justice. We are moving from the black nightof segregation to the bright daybreak of joy, from the midnight of Egyptiancaptivity to the glittering light of Canaan freedomexplained Dr. King. We will write a custom essay on The Montgomery Bus Boycott specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In the Cradle of the Confederacy, life for the white and the coloredcitizens was completely segregated. Segregated schools, restaurants, publicwater fountains, amusement parks, and city buses were part of everyday life inMontgomery, Alabama. Every person operating a bus line should provide equalaccommodationsin such a manner as to separate the white people from Negroes.On Montgomerys buses, black passengers were required by city law to sit in theback of the segregated bus. Negroes were required to pay their fare at thefront of the bus, then get off and reboard from the rear of the bus. The frontrow seats were reserved for white people, which left the back of the bus or nomans land for the blacks. There was no sign declaring the seatingarrangements of the buses, but everyone knew them. The Montgomery bus boycott started one of the greatest fights for civilrights in the history of America. Here in the old capital of the Confederacy, inspired by one womens courage; mobilized and organized by scores of grass-roots leaders in churches, community organizations, and political clubs; calledto new visions of their best possibilities by a young black preacher namedMartin Luther King, Jr., a people was reawakening to its destiny. In 1953, the black community of Baton Rouge, Louisiana successfullypetitioned their city council to end segregated seating on public buses. Thenew ordinance allowed the city buses to be seated on a first-come, first-servedbasis, with the blacks still beginning their seating at the rear of the bus. The bus drivers, who were all white, ignored the new ordinance and continued tosave seats in front of the bus for white passengers. In an effort to demandthat the city follow the new ordinance, the black community staged a one-dayboycott of Baton Rouges bu ses. By the end of the day, Louisianas attorneygeneral decided that the new ordinance was illegal and ruled that the busdrivers did not have to change the seating arrangements on the buses. Three months later a second bus boycott was started by Reverend T.J. Jemison. The new boycott lasted about one week, and yet it forced the cityofficials to compromise. The compromise was to change the seating on the busesto first-come, first-served seating with two side seats up front reserved forwhites, and one long seat in the back for the blacks. The bus boycott in Baton Rouge was one of the first times a community ofblacks had organized direct action against segregation and won. The victory inBaton Rouge was a small one in comparison to other civil right battles andvictories. The hard work of Reverend Jemison and other organizers of theboycott, had far reaching implications on a movement that was just starting totake root in America. In 1954 the landmark case of Brown vs. Board of Educationof Topeka descion by the Supreme Court overshadowed Baton Rouge, but the ideasand lessons were not forgotten. They were soon used 400 miles away inMontgomery, Alabama, where the most important boycott of the civil rightsmovement was about to begin. The idea of separate but equal started in 1896 with a case called Plessyv. Ferguson 163 U.S. 537 (1896). On June 2, 1896 Homer Adolph Plessy, who wasone-eighth Negro and appeared to be white, boarded and took a vacant seat in acoach reserved for white people on the East Louisiana railroad in New Orleansbound for Covington, Louisiana. The conductor ordered Plessy to move to a coachreserved for colored people, but Plessy refused. With the aid of a policeofficer , Plessy was forcibly ejected from the train, locked up in the NewOrleans jail, and was taken before Judge Ferguson on the charge of violatingLouisianas state segregation laws. In affirming Plessys conviction, theSupreme Court of Louisiana upheld the state law. Plessy then took the case tothe Supreme Court of America on a writ of error ( an older form of appeal thatwas abolished in 1929) saying that Louisianas segregation law was unconstitutional as a denial of the Thirteenth Amendment and equal protectionclause of the Fourteent h Amendment.The Plessy v. Ferguson case descionstated that separate but equal was fine as long as the accommodations were equalin standard. Case after case the separate but equal doctrine was followed but notreexamined. The equal part of the doctrine had no real meaning, because theSupreme Court refused to look beyond any lower court holdings to find if thesegregated facilities for Negroes were equal to those for whites. Many Negroaccommodations were said to be equal when in fact they were definitely inferior. The separate but equal doctrine is one of the outstanding myths of Americanhistory for it is almost always true that while indeed separate, thesefacilities are far from equal. Throughout the segregated public institutions,Negroes have been denied equal share of tax supported service and facilitiesstated President Trumans Committee on Civil Rights in 1947. In Topeka, Kansas the Browns, a Negro family, lived only four blacksfrom the white Sumner Elementary School. Linda Carol Brown, an eight year oldgirl had to attend a segregated school twenty-one blocks from her home becauseKansass state segregation laws allowed cities to segregate Negro and whitestudents in public elementary schools. Oliver Brown and twelve other parents of Negro children asked that theirchildren be admitted to the all-white Sumner School, which was much closer tohome. The principle refused them admission, and the parents filed a suit in afederal district court against the Topeka Board of Education. The suitcontended that the refusal to admit the children to the school was a denial ofthe equal protection clauseof the Fourteenth Amendment. The descion ofthe principle lead to the birth of the most influential and important case ofthe Twentieth Century, Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954). The federal district court was sympathetic to the Negro cause and agreedthat segregation in public schools had a negative effect on Negro children, butthe court felt binded by the descion in Plessy v. Ferguson, and refused todeclare segregation unconstitutional. Mr. Brown then took the case directly tothe Supreme Court of the United States. Other cases involving school segregation were making there way to theSupreme Court from three different states-Delaware, Virginia, South Carolina-andthe District of Columbia. All of the cases arrived around the same time as theBrown case. The cases all raised the same issue, and the state consolidatedthem under Brown v. Board of Education. The equal protection clause of theFourteenth Amendment is a restriction that applies only to the states, so thecase from the District of Columbia was rested on the due process clause of theFifth Amendment which is applicable to the Federal government. The case wascalled Bolling v. Sharpe, 349 U.S. 294 (1955), and had the same outcome as theBrown case. In front of the Supreme Court the arguments against segregation werepresented by Thurgood Marshall, council for the National Association for theAdvancement for Colored People (NAACP). The NAACP is an organization which haddirected five cases through the courts and which had won many legal cases forAmerican Negroes. The states relied on primarily Plessy v. Ferguson in arguingfor the continuation of segregation in public schools. The Supreme Court Opinion statement delivered by Mr. Chief JusticeWarren stated thatWe conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of separate but equal has no place. Separate educational facilities areinherently unequal. Therefore, we hold that the plaintiffs and others of thesimilarly situated for whom the actions have been brought are, by reason of thesegregation complained, deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteedby the Fourteenth Amendment. This disposition makes unnecessary any discussionwhether such segregation also violates the Due Process Clause of the FourteenthAmendment. The Brown case was necessary in clearing the way towards full equalityfor the Negroes in America. Though the Brown case did not directly overturn thePlessy case descion, it made it perfectly clear that segregation in areas otherthan public education could not continue. The Brown case enabled Negroes tofight peacefully for their freedom through sit-ins, demonstrations, boycott s,and the exercise of their voting rights. With the Brown case descion and theend of school segregation came the start of the fall of white supremacy. On December 1, 1955, the action of Mrs. Rosa Parks gave rise to a formof protest that lead the civil rights movement-nonviolent action. Mrs. Parksworked at a Montgomery department store pinning up hems, raising waistlines. When the store closed, Mrs. Parks boarded a Cleveland Avenue bus, and took aseat behind the white section in row eleven. The bus was half full when RosaParks boarded, but soon was filled leaving a white man standing. Yall better make it light on yourself and let me have those seats,said the bus driver James Blake as he ordered the black passengers in row elevento move. Everyone except Mrs. Parks moved to the rear of the bus. When he sawme still sitting, he asked if I was going to stand up, and I said, No Im not.recalled Mrs. Rosa Parks. James Blake replied Well, if you dont stand up, Imgoing to call the police and have you arrested, with Rosa Parks bravelyreplaying You may do that. Mrs. Rosa Parks was arrested for violating theMunicipal code separating the races in Montgomery, Alabama. .u25dcff89355657df8cd3b2a62525420e , .u25dcff89355657df8cd3b2a62525420e .postImageUrl , .u25dcff89355657df8cd3b2a62525420e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u25dcff89355657df8cd3b2a62525420e , .u25dcff89355657df8cd3b2a62525420e:hover , .u25dcff89355657df8cd3b2a62525420e:visited , .u25dcff89355657df8cd3b2a62525420e:active { border:0!important; } .u25dcff89355657df8cd3b2a62525420e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u25dcff89355657df8cd3b2a62525420e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u25dcff89355657df8cd3b2a62525420e:active , .u25dcff89355657df8cd3b2a62525420e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u25dcff89355657df8cd3b2a62525420e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u25dcff89355657df8cd3b2a62525420e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u25dcff89355657df8cd3b2a62525420e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u25dcff89355657df8cd3b2a62525420e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u25dcff89355657df8cd3b2a62525420e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u25dcff89355657df8cd3b2a62525420e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u25dcff89355657df8cd3b2a62525420e .u25dcff89355657df8cd3b2a62525420e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u25dcff89355657df8cd3b2a62525420e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Is Constructivism the Best Philosophy for Education? EssayRosa Parks was taken to the city jail in a police car where she wasbooked for violating the law banning integration . At the police station shelonged for a drink of water to soothe her dry throat, but they wouldnt permitme to drink out of the water fountain, it was for whites only.Rosa Parkswas convicted and fined ten dollars plus four dollars in court cost. The arrest of Rosa Parks in 1955 was not the first time Mrs. Parks hadchallenged the Jim Crow laws of the South. In 1943, the same bus driver whoarrested her in 1955, James Blake threw her off the bus for violating thesegregation laws. During the 1940s the quiet, dignified older lady refused onseveral different occasions to submit to segregation laws. My resistance to being mistreated on the buses and anywhere else wasjust a regular thing with me and not just that daystated Rosa after she wasarrested. Mrs. Parks was an active member in organizations that fought for theequality of races. She was the first secretary for the Alabama State Conferenceof NAACP Branches, and she helped organize an NAACP Youth Council chapter inMontgomery. News of Mrs. Parks arrest soon reached E.D. Nixon, the man who headedthe NAACP when Mrs. Parks was its secretary. Nixon tried to call one of thecities two black lawyers, Fred Gray, but Gray was not at home, so Mr. Nixoncalled Clifford Durr. Clifford Durr was member of the Federal CommunicationsCommission, and had recently returned to Montgomery from Washington DC. About six o clock that night the telephone rang, and Mr. Nixon saidthat he understood that Mrs. Parks was arrested, and he had called the jail, butthey wouldnt tell him why she had been arrested. So they thought that if Cliffcalled, a white lawyer, they might tell him. Cliff called, and they said shesbeen arrested under the segregation lawsso Mr. Nixon raised the bond andsigned the paper and got Mrs. Parks out,recalled Virginia Durr. Mrs. Parks, with your permission we can break down segregation on thebus with your case,E.D. Nixon asked Rosa Parks. Parks consulted her motherand husband, and deiced to let Mr. Nixon make her case into a cause, stating Ill go along with you Mr. Nixon.Nixon, at home was making a list of black ministers in Montgomery, whowould help support their boycott. Lacking the influence he once had in theNAACP, because of his background, Nixon deiced that the church would be betterto go through to reach people, because they(the church) had their hands on themasses.Progressive minister, Reverend Ralph Abernnathy, who E.D. Nixon knewthrough his work at the NAACP would be the first to receive the call to mobilizepeople. At five A.M. Friday morning, the next day, Nixon called Rev. Abernathy,who knew most of the other minister and black leaders in Montgomery. Afterdiscussing the situation Nixon called eighteen other ministers and arranged ameeting for Friday evening to discuss Parks arrest and the actions they wantedto take. Fred Gray called Jo Ann Robinson Thursday night and told her about thearrest of Rosa Parks. Robinson knew Parks from the Colvin case and believed shewould be the ideal person to go through a test case to challenge segregation. Robinson then proceeded to call the leaders of the Womens Political Council,who urged her to start the boycott in support of Rosa Parks starting on Monday,Parks trail date. Jo Ann Robinson made leaflets that described the boycott andhad her students help her hand them out. This is for Monday, Dec. 5, 1955-Another Negro women has been arrestedand thrown in jail because she refused to get up out of her seat on the bus andgive it to a white person. It is the second time since the Claudette Colvincase that a Negro women has been arrested for the same thing. This has to bestopped. The womens case will come up Monday. We are therefor asking everyNegro to stay off the buses Monday in protest of the arrest and trail. Dontride the buses to work, to schools, or anywhere on Monday Thousands of the anonymous leaflets were passed secretly throughMontgomerys black neighborhoods. By the time the ministers and civil rightsleaders met on Friday evening, word of the boycott had spread through the city. Reverend L. Roy Bennett, president of the Interdenominational Ministers Alliance,headed the meeting. Rev. Bennett wanted to start the boycott on the followingMonday because he feared that there was no time to waste, he also wanted theministers to start organizing committe es to lead the boycott. Some of the blackleaders objected, calling for a debate on the pros and cons of having a boycott. Almost half of the leaders left in frustration before a descion was reached,will those remaining agreed to spread the word about the one-day boycott attheir Sunday mass meeting. E.D. Nixon did not attend the meeting on Friday evening that he arrangedbecause he was at work, but before Nixon left he took one of Jo Ann Robinsonsleaflets and called Joe Azbell, a white reporter at the Montgomery Advertiser. He said, Ive got a big story for you and I want you to meet me, nowE.D. doesnt talk in long sentences, hes very short and brusqueHe said, Canyou meet me? I said, Yeah I can meet you. So we met down at Union Stationand he showed me one of these leaflets. And he said, I want to tell you whatwe are going to do. Were gonna boycott these buses. Were tired of themfooling around with our women-they done it for the last time. So I said Okay,Nixon said, You gonna put this on the front page? And I said yeah Im gonnatry to. recalled Joe Azbell. The story of the upcoming boycott was on thefront page of Sundays morning edition, spreading the word to all the Negroes inMontgomery. The piece Azbell ran on the boycott accused the NAACP of plantingthat Parks womenon the bus to stir things up and cause trouble. TheMontgomery Advertiser said that the Negroes were about to embrace the samenegative solutionsas the hated White Citizens Council. The ministers reinforced the call of the boycott at the pulpit thatSunday morning, but doubt remained in the minds of the boycott organizers. Would Montgomerys black community unite for the boycott? Or would they ridethe buses in fear of white retaliation? The clergymen had barely been able toagree on the one-day boycott, so why would the people follow them? To add totheir worries it looked like it might rain. On Monday morning the sky was very dark with huge rain clouds coveringthe sun. City police were on the watch for black goon squads that would keepblack people off the buses. The police chief even went as far as to have twomotorcycle cops follow each bus. By 5:30 A.M. Monday, a torn off piece ofcardboard appeared on a bus shelter at Court Square, one of the main downtownbus stops. The sign read PEOPLE DONT RIDE THE BUSES TODAY. DONT RIDE IT FORFREEDOMIn the house of young Dr. Martian Luther King Jr. on Monday, December4th, Dr. King was making coffee in his kitchen. The Friday night meeting hadtaken place at his church in Montgomery and he feared that the boycott wouldfail. Dr. Reverend King took his coffee and sat down and waited for the firstbus on the South Jackson l0 line to go by his house at 6:00 A.M. The SouthJackson line carried more Negroes than any other line in town; the first buswas usually jammed full with Negro domestics on their way to work. Dr. Kingwas still in the kitc hen when his wife Coretta cried Martin, Martin, comequickly!Martin just made it to the window in time to see an empty bus go by. In a state of high excitement, King waited for the next bus to go by.It wasempty. So was the third one. With sprits soaring high Dr. King drove over toAbernathys house in his car and the two of them drove all over town looking atthe buses. All over Montgomery the buses were empty of black people. It lookedlike the boycott would be one hundred percent effective. There were black students gladly hitchhiking to Alabama State. Therewere old man and women walking as far as twelve miles to their downtown jobs. People were riding mules, cows, horses and driving horse-drawn buggies to work. Not one single person stood at a bus stop that wanted to ride the buses, justgroups of young people who stood there cheering and singing No riders today!as the buses pulled away from the stop. Montgomerys eighteen black-owned taxi companies had agreed to transportblacks for the same fare as they would pay on the bus-ten cents-on Mondaymorning the cabs were crammed with people. In the Alabama Journal a reporterdescribed that first Monday. Negroes were on almost every street corner in thedowntown area, silent, waiting for rides or moving about to keep warm, but fewgot on busesscores of Negroes were walking, their lunches were in brown papersacks under their arms. None spoke to white people. They exchanged little talkamong themselves. It was an almost solemn event.A local black historian who had watched the days events unfolded statedthat the old unlearned Negroes were confused. It seemed they could notfigure out if the police (ridding along the buses) would arrest them or protectthem if they attempted to ride the busesthe few Negroes that rode the buseswere more confused. They found it difficult to get off without beingembarrassed by other Negroes who waited at the bus stops throughout the city. Some were even seen ducking in the aisles as the buses passed various stops.At 3:00 P.M. that afternoon King and other leaders of the boycott met toset up a permanent organization to run the boycott. At Abernathys suggestionthey called it the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), to stress thepositive, uplift approach of their movement.The meeting was also called toelect officers. Rufus Lewis saw the election as a way to move the well-entrenchedBennett aside in a diplomatic way. Quickly Lewis nominated Kingas president. Lewis attended Kings church and heard him speak often and knewhe was a master speaker, also Dr. King was new in town. .ub9a70fa5712701d665c51b57b5d811ad , .ub9a70fa5712701d665c51b57b5d811ad .postImageUrl , .ub9a70fa5712701d665c51b57b5d811ad .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub9a70fa5712701d665c51b57b5d811ad , .ub9a70fa5712701d665c51b57b5d811ad:hover , .ub9a70fa5712701d665c51b57b5d811ad:visited , .ub9a70fa5712701d665c51b57b5d811ad:active { border:0!important; } .ub9a70fa5712701d665c51b57b5d811ad .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub9a70fa5712701d665c51b57b5d811ad { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub9a70fa5712701d665c51b57b5d811ad:active , .ub9a70fa5712701d665c51b57b5d811ad:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub9a70fa5712701d665c51b57b5d811ad .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub9a70fa5712701d665c51b57b5d811ad .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub9a70fa5712701d665c51b57b5d811ad .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub9a70fa5712701d665c51b57b5d811ad .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub9a70fa5712701d665c51b57b5d811ad:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub9a70fa5712701d665c51b57b5d811ad .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub9a70fa5712701d665c51b57b5d811ad .ub9a70fa5712701d665c51b57b5d811ad-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub9a70fa5712701d665c51b57b5d811ad:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Computer Ethics EssayRev. King was a young man, a very intelligent man. He had not beenhere long enough for the city fathers to put their hands on him. Usually theydfind some young man just come to townpat him on the back and tell him what anice church he got. Theyd say Reverend, your suit dont look so nice torepresent so-and-so Baptist Churchand theyd get him a suityoud have towatch out for that kind of thingrecalls E.D. Nixon, about how officials inMontgomery treated black leaders. With Rev. King as the new leader of the boycott, the organizers had todeiced whether or not to have the bus boycott extend beyond Monday. The one-dayboycott had shown a strength that was never seen before in Montgomery. Toextend the boycott would be a direct assault by blacks on the Jim Crow system. A serious and potentially dangerous event. Several of the ministers were suggesting to leave the boycott as a one-day success, they said the boycott might fall apart if it rained or if thepolice started to arrest people. No one thought that it would last till the endof the work week, which was four days away. E.D. Nixon in a thundering voice said that they should confront thewhites no matter what. The time had come to take a stand!What is the matter with you people? Here you have been living off thesweat of these washwomen all these years and you have never done anything forthem. Now you have a chance to pay them back, and youre to damn scared tostand on your feet and be counted! The time has come to be grown man or scaredboyssaid Nixon gesturing his big hands at the group of boycott leaders whenthey wanted to quit. Nixon was mad because his successor at the head of the NAACP in Alabamahad refused to help or support the boycott unless he got approval from thenational office. The man who was the President of the NAACP, said at that time,Brother Nixon, Ill have to wait until I talk to New York ( NAACP headquarters)to find out what they think of it. I said Man we aint got time for that. He believed in doing everything by the book. And the book stated that you hadto notify New York before you take a step like that.recalled E.D. Nixon onhow the NAACP responded when he asked them for support. The group agreed to wait until that nights meeting and let the peopledecided if the boycott was to continue. The meeting was to be held at the HoltStreet Baptist Church, because it was in a black section of town. They figuredthat Negroes would probably feel safer if they didnt have to travel throughwhite neighborhoods to get to the meeting. Newly elected leader of the MIA, Dr. King had about twenty minuets toprepare a speech which he later called one of the most important speeches in hislife. It took Doctor King fifteen minuets to park his car and make his way tothe church at 7:00 P.M. There were no empty seats in the church and people werespilled into the aisles and through the doorways in the back, the church hadbeen packed since five that afternoon. Outside the church thousands stood tolisten to the speeches and preaching that was going on inside throughloudspeakers. The meeting opened with Onward Christian Soldiers, followed byspeeches from the boycott leaders. Joe Azbell again covered the boycott story saying that the Holt StreetBaptist Church was probably the most fired up, enthusiastic gathering of humanbeings that Ive ever seen. I came down the street and I couldnt believe therewere so many cars. I parked many blocks from the church just to get a place formy car. I went up to the church, and they made way for me because I was thefirst white person thereI was two minutes late and they were alreadypreaching, and that audience was so on fire that the preacher would get up andsay, Do you want your freedom? And theyd say, Yeah, I want my freedom! The preacher would say, Are you for what we are doing?; Yeah, go ahead, goahead!and they were so excitedIve never heard singing like thattheywere on fire for freedom. There was a sprit there no one could captureagainit was so powerful. And then King stood up, and most of them didntknow how he was. And yet he was a master speakerI went back and I wrote aspecial column, I wrote that this was the begin ning of a flame that would goacross America.Doctor King approached the podium with only a mental outline of hisspeech. If he choked in front of all of these people it would be the end of theboycott, but if he inspired them there was no telling what they could dotogether. Were here this evening for serious business. Were here in a generalsense because first and foremost, we are American citizens, and we aredetermined to acquire our citizenship to the fullness of its meaningTherecomes a time when people get tiredtired of being segregated and humiliated;tired of being kicked about the brutal feet of oppression. We have noalternative but to protest. For many years, we have shown amazing patience. Wehave sometimes given our white brothers the feeling that we liked the way wewere being treated. But we come here tonight to be saved, to be saved frompatience that makes us patient with anything less than freedom and justice.Ifwe are wrong then the Supreme Court of this nation is wrong. If we are wrongthen the Constitution of the United States is wrong. If we are wrong, Godalmighty is wrong.The crowd roared with yeas and right ons, all through Dr. Kingsspeech. The strongest show of emotion and applause came when Rev. King bravelynoted that If you protest coura geously and yet with dignity and Christian love,when the history books are written in future generations the historians willpause and say There lived a great people-a black people-who injected newmeaning and dignity into the veins of civilizationWe will not retreat oneinch in our fight to secure and hold our American citizenship.The churchroared in approval of Kings speech which was followed with an introduction ofRosa Parks that received a standing ovation. Then Rev. Abernathy proceeded torecite the three demands of the boycott. 1)Courteous treatment of passengers on the buses. 2)Change the seating to a first-come, first-served basis with blacks startingat the rear, and whites starting at the front. 3)The hiring of black bus drivers on predominantly black routes. Rev. Abernathy asked the people attending the meeting to vote anddescied whether or not the boycott should continue. Throughout the churchpeople began to stand. At first in ones and twos. Soon every person wasstanding in the Holt Street Church approving the continuation of the boycott. The thousands of people standing outside cheered in a resounding YES!The fear left that had shackled us across the years-all left suddenlywhen we were in that church togetherrecalled Abernathy on how people leftthe church unafraid, but how they were uncertain on how the citys white leaderswould respond to their boycott. The Montgomery police were their main concern. A white police officer had a few months earlier shot a black man who had refuseda bus driver order to get off the bus and reboard from the rear. The mandemanded his dime back, and the police officer suddenly fired his gun, instantlykilling the man. The dreaded Montgomery police were already harassing blackswho were peacefully waiting for th e taxis. Four days later the MIA, including King and attorney Fred Gray, met withthe city commissioners and representatives of the bus company. The MIApresented their three demands, with King making it clear that they were notseeking an end to segregation through the boycott. The bus companys manger, James H. Bagely and its attorney, JackCrenshaw frantically denied that the bus drivers were regularly discourteous toblack passengers. They rejected the idea of hiring black bus drivers and statedthat the proposed seating plan was in violation of the state statue and citycode. Attorney Gray responded by showing that the seating plan was in no way aviolation against the already existing segregation laws. The seatingarrangements proposed was already in practice in another Alabama city, Mobil. The Mobil bus company was also run by the same bus company as the Montgomery busline. Attorney Crenshaw was adamant about the seating proposal. CommissionerFrank was ready to give in and accept the seating proposal, but Crenshaw argued I dont see how we can do it within the law. If it were legal I would be thefirst to go along with it, but it just isnt legal. The only way that it can bedone is to change the segregation laws.Commissioner Clyde Sellers who wasstaunchly opposed to segregation was not about to compromise. Crenshaw did nothelp the MIA in stating that If we granted the Negroes these demands, theywould

Free Essays on Proclamation Line

Proclamation of 1763 The end of the French and Indian War in 1763 was a cause for great celebration in the colonies, for it removed several ominous barriers and opened up a host of new opportunities for the colonists. The French had effectively hemmed in the British settlers and had, from the perspective of the settlers, played the "Indians" against them. The first thing on the minds of colonists was the great western frontier that had opened to them when the French ceded that contested territory to the British. The royal proclamation of 1763 did much to dampen that celebration. The proclamation, in effect, closed off the frontier to colonial expansion. The King and his council presented the proclamation as a measure to calm the fears of the Indians, who felt that the colonists would drive them from their lands as they expanded westward. Many in the colonies felt that the object was to pen them in along the Atlantic seaboard where they would be easier to regulate. No doubt there was a large measure of tr uth in both of these positions. However the colonists could not help but feel a strong resentment when what they perceived to be their prize was snatched away from them. The proclamation provided that all lands west of the heads of all rivers which flowed into the Atlantic Ocean from the west or northwest were off-limits to the colonists. This excluded the rich Ohio Valley and all territory from the Ohio to the Mississippi rivers from settlement. The proclamation also established or defined four new colonies, three of them on the continent proper. Quebec, which was of course already well settled, two colonies to be called East Florida and West Florida- and off the continent, Grenada. These facts were established immediately, but most of the proclamation is devoted to the subject of Indians and Indian lands. It asserted that all of the Indian peoples were thereafter under the protection of the King. It required that all lands within t... Free Essays on Proclamation Line Free Essays on Proclamation Line Proclamation of 1763 The end of the French and Indian War in 1763 was a cause for great celebration in the colonies, for it removed several ominous barriers and opened up a host of new opportunities for the colonists. The French had effectively hemmed in the British settlers and had, from the perspective of the settlers, played the "Indians" against them. The first thing on the minds of colonists was the great western frontier that had opened to them when the French ceded that contested territory to the British. The royal proclamation of 1763 did much to dampen that celebration. The proclamation, in effect, closed off the frontier to colonial expansion. The King and his council presented the proclamation as a measure to calm the fears of the Indians, who felt that the colonists would drive them from their lands as they expanded westward. Many in the colonies felt that the object was to pen them in along the Atlantic seaboard where they would be easier to regulate. No doubt there was a large measure of tr uth in both of these positions. However the colonists could not help but feel a strong resentment when what they perceived to be their prize was snatched away from them. The proclamation provided that all lands west of the heads of all rivers which flowed into the Atlantic Ocean from the west or northwest were off-limits to the colonists. This excluded the rich Ohio Valley and all territory from the Ohio to the Mississippi rivers from settlement. The proclamation also established or defined four new colonies, three of them on the continent proper. Quebec, which was of course already well settled, two colonies to be called East Florida and West Florida- and off the continent, Grenada. These facts were established immediately, but most of the proclamation is devoted to the subject of Indians and Indian lands. It asserted that all of the Indian peoples were thereafter under the protection of the King. It required that all lands within t...

SAT vs ACT Math Which Is Easier

SAT vs ACT Math Which Is Easier SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you put to a vote whether the ACT Math test or the SAT Math test is easier, there's going to be heavy contention on both sides. Some will swear up and down (and sideways) that the SAT Math section is easier. Others will not be moved by any force in the world away from the position that the ACT Math section is the simpler one. But which faction is right? And more importantly, which test should you take? We’ve broken down the ins and outs of each math test to tell you which is easier, depending on the type of test taker and math student you are. Note: This article is based on the old (pre-2016) SAT Math format. For an updated comparison of the ACT and SAT Math sections, refer to our guide on the differences between these two tests. SAT and ACT Math Basics Though there are more similarities than not between the ACT Math section and the SAT Math section, there are still distinct differences in the structure, content, and timing of each test. And these differences are what make many people favor one math test over the other. In this section, we'll break down the basics of the style and content of each math section. We'll then compare the two tests in more detail side-by-side, giving you the pros and cons of each. Style of the SAT and ACT Math Tests While the tests are, of course, both math tests, each has its own distinct "flavor" and testing style. In this case, the "style" of the test includes the pacing of each test, the way the questions are phrased, and what each test sets out to measure. At the most basic level, the ACT Math section is set up to test how well you’ve retained your mathematical knowledge up to this point in your academic career. It also does this on a rapid timetable to make it a little more challenging. The questions will be a mixture of scenario ("Mary has 12 apples ...") and non-scenario ("Solve for x"), but each problem is designed to be as clear and straightforward as possible. The goal is to test you on the math concept at hand more than anything else- do you know how to solve it, or don't you? The SAT, on the other hand, is designed to test both your accumulated math knowledge as well as how well you can apply this knowledge to new math scenarios. The test is slower (meaning you have more time per question than you do on the ACT) and generally requires you to have a higher level of reading comprehension. The questions will be a mixture of scenario and non-scenario in addition to straightforward and "tricky." In general, questions at the beginning of each section will be straightforward, while questions at the end of each section will require more creative mathematical thinking and attention to detail. As you can see, although both the ACT and SAT Math tests are, at their core, a test of your math skills, their styles are noticeably distinct. Content of the SAT and ACT Math Tests Now that we've talked a little about the style and presentation of the SAT and ACT Math tests, let's talk about the math content each section covers. Both tests are designed to measure the math skill levels of millions of students each year, each of whom comes from a different background and brings different strengths to the table. This means that each test must be challenging for the vast majority of students (after all, if everyone got 100% of the questions right, it wouldn't do much to indicate individual skill level, would it?). Some of this challenge comes from the style of the test, as we saw earlier, and the rest comes from the content of each test. The ACT covers a wider range of math content than the SAT does, including algebra, plane and coordinate geometry, pre-calculus (including logarithms, rational numbers, complex numbers, and polynomials), and trigonometry. It's a good idea to take the ACT only while or after taking a class that covers pre-calculus and/or trig (or at least taken a stab at learning the subjects on your own). It's also important to note that you will not be given a formula box on the ACT, so you will have to memorize every formulayou'll need. The SAT covers a much narrower math subject range compared to the ACT and is limited to algebra and plane/coordinate geometry.You will never see trigonometry questions on the SAT and can realistically do quite well on the test without taking a pre-calculus class (though, of course, the more math classes you take in school, the better prepared you'll be for any standardized math test). You will also be given a formula box. But while the math content of the SAT is less extensive, each concept is tested in more detail and in new and creative ways. For example, you might have two questions on slopes for the ACT, but five or six slope questions- each of which will test you on a more nuanced facet on the subject- on the SAT. Naughty-nice list, pros and cons ... basically the same thing, right? ACT Math vs SAT Math: Pros and Cons So we’ve looked at the basics for the SAT and ACT Math tests, but how do you weigh in on the pros and cons of each? Let’s take a look. Aptitude vs Achievement Whether or not you agree that the ACT and SAT Math sections achieve what they were set up to measure, each test was designed with a specific purpose in mind. The SAT was designed to test the aptitude of a student- basically, one’s raw potential. How well do you solve puzzles? How well can you incorporate and use new information? Though you can (and absolutely should!) study for the SAT, the test was designed to measure a student’s ability to reason. The ACT, on the other hand, was designed as a test of achievement. How well have you learned a topic? Can you prove that mastery on paper? In this way, the ACT is more like the tests you take in school: learn a topic and take a test to illustrate that you’ve mastered it. Now, again, it can be argued that the tests are more alike than they are different when it comes to reflecting student ability (as well as other factors), but this is how they were set up and designed, and so some of these values still hold true. Special Note: The new SAT is making more of a transition toward testing student achievement, much like the ACT. This means that the two tests will soon have less variation on this measure than they do now. Reading Comprehension vs Trigonometry The SAT Math section is like a cross between a math test and a reading test. To solve each math question, you must first break down exactly what the question is asking you to find (often trickier than it sounds!) and then use your mathematical know-how to find that information. The ACT Math section is more straightforward and will generally only ask you to demonstrate your existing knowledge in exactly the same way the math tests you take in school do. The drawback is that you must have a wider range of math knowledge going into the test. If you don’t know trigonometry or logarithms (and if you haven't memorized your formulas), then you will miss questions on a significant chunk of the test. Trickier Questions vs Time Crunch Many SAT Math questions in the medium- and high-difficulty range are designed to make students who aren’t paying attention fall into math traps and choose bait answers. If you have familiarized yourself with the types of questions on the SAT, you will often be able to dodge these metaphorical pitfalls- but it’s not always easy. To balance this out, you will have 1.25-1.4 minutes to answer each math question (depending on the section). This is to give each student long enough to both answer the question and double-check the work, but always keep in mind that everyone’s test-taking pace is different. The ACT Math questions are, again, more direct and aren't designed to trick you, though this does notmean they are easy. You must also answer more questions in a shorter amount of time to make up for the benefit of more straightforward questions. You will only have an average of one minute per ACT Math question, which means you only have 70% as much time to answer each question as you do on most SAT Math questions. Multiple Short Sections vs All at Once Some people thrive on getting tasks done all at once, while others need breaks between subjects. How you test utterly depends on you. The SAT breaks up each of its three topics- Writing, Critical Reading, and Math- into multiple sections and scatters them throughout the whole test. You will never have to focus on one topic for more than 25 minutes at a stretch on the SAT. This can be a great gift for people who need to vary up their routine or who run out of steam in the long-term, but can be distracting for others who have trouble switching focus from topic to topic. The ACT tests each of its four subjects- Reading, Math, English, and Science- individually and completely. The subjects are not broken up and scattered but are arranged in order and must be completed one at a time. The ACT Math test is a full 60 minutes and takes place all at once, which is good for anyone who likes to get tasks completed and out of the way; however, this might be exhausting for others. Leaving Blank Answers vs Strategically Guessing The SAT penalizes random guessing by issuing a -0.25 point penalty for any wrong answer. If you can eliminate answer choices, your best bet is to guess, but if you can't, then you're better off leaving the answer blank. This point penalty can also be a huge blow to your score if you aren't careful about selecting your answer choices. Remember that many questions in the medium- and high-difficulty section on the SAT are engineered to make students make "careless errors." These errors include finding the wrong value (e.g., finding x instead of 2x), stopping the process of solving a math problem too soon, or performing a math function the wrong number of times. Often, you will see bait answers in the answer choices that correspond with these mistakes. This means that you should always be as sure as you can be about your answer choices before you make your final decision, especially with those questions in the medium- and high-difficulty range. Note that the SAT Math questions are in ascending order of difficulty and this resets for the grid-in. So the "high difficulty" range on the SAT is in the last several problems of each Math section, and in the multiple-choice questions right before the grid-in questions begin. The ACT, on the other hand, does NOT issue a point penalty for guessing or wrong answers. If you can eliminate answer choices, great! If not, it’s still fine! Always make a guess on an ACT question and never leave a question blank. It might seem that the ACT is easier than the SAT- after all, why be penalized when you don’t have to be?- but remember that the test is also curved across all students who take the test. So it might be the case that you as an individual will lose fewer points on the ACT because there is no guessing penalty, but it will be the same for everyone elseas well. In the end, the curve is about the same whether your guessing is penalized or not, so your best option for either test is to eliminate answer choices where you can and guess with as much strategy as possible. For more on how to guess questions on the SAT and ACT, check out our individual guides. Though we can't promise you'll be entirely "happy" taking either test, you will likely have a preference for one over the other. SAT Math vs ACT Math: Which Test Is Better for You? What it all comes down to is which test should you take: ACT Math or SAT Math? Unfortunately, the only way you will truly be able to determine which test is better for you is to sit down and take each one. If you're going to dedicate the recommended amount of time to studying (about 40 hours is a good rule of thumb) for your standardized test of choice, you may as well start by finding the right test for you. After all, how awful would it be to spend 30 hours studying for the ACT only to discover that you like the SAT better, or vice versa? So check out where to find real, free practice tests online for both the ACTand the SAT,and carve out some time (on separate days!) to take each one. But if you’re truly determined to only take one test, or if you simply want to know where to start first, take a look below. Be honest with yourself about your mathematical strengths and weaknesses, and find the test that you feel you can soundly conquer. Type of Math Student ACT SAT Does well on math tests in school âÅ"“ âÅ"“ Is good at memorizing mathematical concepts âÅ"“ Is good at solving new puzzles âÅ"“ Works well at a fast pace âÅ"“ Is good at paying attention to details âÅ"“ Does well on reading comprehension âÅ"“ Doesn’t get bored or tired easily âÅ"“ Has taken pre-calculus and/or trigonometry âÅ"“ Likes to switch focus from topic to topic âÅ"“ SAT Math or ACT Math? The Takeaways Both the ACT and SAT Math sections are entirely trainable, and you will be able to build up your scores no matter where you start. So take a look at each test and find the one that is more comfortable for you, both in terms of the math content and the test as a whole. Different people have different strengths and weaknesses, so don’t worry about what anyone else says is easier or better. Colleges have no preference whatsoever anymore for which test you take, so the decision is entirely up to you! What’s Next? Worried that your school of choice really does have a preference for the ACT or SAT? Check out how the Ivy Leagues feel about the ACT and SAT. Running out of time during your ACT or SAT Math section? Our guides will help you beat the clock on both the ACT Math section and the SAT Math section. Aiming for a perfect SAT/ACT Math score? Once you've decided on your test of choice, check out how to get a perfect 36 on the ACT Math section or a perfect 800 on the SAT Math section. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. 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Literature review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Literature review - Research Paper Example In Edwin’s view, it was wrong to use information collected from men to arrive at conclusions about the entire society without seeking the views of both women and men. He argued that it was this hierarchy in society that had rendered women voiceless over the years. The main proponent of the theory is Cheris Kramarae. The Muted Group Theory has been used for purposes of communication studies. Cheris Kramarae, once a professor in charge of Women’s Studies, worked with various lecturers from around the world. According to Cheris Kramarae, the ideas contained in the Muted Group Theory state that men created communication as a tool for taking advantage of women (Kramarae, 1981). The theory requires women to play strictly within the confines of the language developed by man and are therefore not allowed to have their own way of expressing their feelings and thoughts. Muted group theory also provides an explanation as to why there are groups in society that have a voice while s ome are mute. In her 1974 study, Chen's Kramarae focused on how the characters in cartoons are quite deceptive. She noted that the female cartoon characters were portrayed as being apologetic and emotional. They are also depicted as flowery and vague in the way they communicate. Words such as pretty and nice are used to refer to these characters. It is from this initial study that she found evidence that supported the muted group theory (Griffin, 1997, p. 459). LITERATURE REVIEW The first book that I will analyze is the book written by Belenky titled Women's ways of knowing: the development of self, voice and mind. In this book, the author analyzes the way women’s feelings are not adequately served. The author argues that this is probably the reason why women face challenges when trying to climb the corporate ladder (Belenky, 1986). The author also states that in many cultures women are ignored and often discouraged from joining male dominated industries even when they have t he knowledge required. What was disappointing about this book was that the Muted Group theory was not mentioned and I had to critically analyze it in order to gather relevant information out of it. The author also used several theorists to explain herself which made the book even more complicated to analyze. The second book I will review is a book by Griffen titled the ‘Proprietors of language' and argues that language was developed by men and that women were not consulted in its development. In this case men are referred to as the dominate group while women, the mute group (Griffen, 2004). Muted Group theory is used to explain the reason why some groups in the society; in this case women are silent. According to Ardener, this group that is muted can be studied from a gendered outlook. Females behave differently from males because they are constructed in a different way. It is these same differences that Ardener argues qualify women to be classified among the muted groups and undervalued in society. The aspect of this book that I did not like was that the chapters were not directly related to the Muted Group theory either. The issues discussed were however quite interesting despite not being topical. It was however

The War on Drugs is a Failure. So What Can Be Done About it Research Paper

The War on Drugs is a Failure. So What Can Be Done About it - Research Paper Example In addition, 60% of the total violence in the United States is related to drug prohibition which means that the prohibition of drugs only induces violence (Maginnis) The violence that resulted in the prohibition of drug is not new. It is usually the case when something is banned. The same was the case when alcohol was still prohibited. It was only lifted during the Great Depression when the government adopted a pragmatist approach to the problem due to the escalating violence associated with its prohibition and instead opted to make money out of it to help lift the country out of the depression by taxing it. As a result, violence associated with alcohol became almost non-existent. The same is also the case in gambling. Violence becomes the norm when it becomes illegal and so is with prostitution when it is outlawed. Violence becomes a natural consequence of a prohibitive policy because it creates black markets where the law cannot supervise but would become otherwise if the industry is legalized. The problem of violence in prohibiting drugs is compounded by the fact that a prohibitive policy corrupts institutions. Since a prohibitive policy threatens the industry of illegal drugs, it is inevitable that bribery, extortion, threat and other undesirable practices will sprout for the industry to survive. It is worsen by the fact that the enforcement of banning drugs comes with a price that drains public purse. â€Å"Federal, state and local governments spend roughly $44 billion per year to enforce drug prohibition. These same governments forego roughly $33 billion per year in tax revenue they could collect from legalized drugs, assuming these were taxed at rates similar to those on alcohol and tobacco† (Miron). ... The prohibitive policy against drugs does not only forgo the government income from taxing it but instead make it spend to enforce a policy that is futile. The strange thing about rabidly banning drugs with draconian measure is that countries which prohibits it such as United States has the highest rates of cocaine and marijuana abuse compared to countries which has a liberal drug laws such as E.U. and Portugal which has the lowest. In a study conducted by Cato Institute early April this year, it reported that policies that prohibit the use of drug is usually â€Å"based on speculation and fear mongering rather than empirical evidence on the effects of more lenient drug policies† (Szalavitz). The fear that legalizing illicit drugs will only exacerbate the drug problem did not actually happen. It showed that the legalization of drugs in Portugal has neutralized its ill effects which used to be its problem that is now pervasive in countries that ban illicit drugs. Consider the r esults of the Portugal’s policy of decriminalizing drugs. What was feared that the country will become a nation of drug addicts did not actually happen but in fact, helped solved the drug problem. Just when it was anticipated that drug use will rise, Portugal in fact â€Å"had the lowest rate of lifetime marijuana use in people over 15 in the E.U†. The use of the former illegal drugs among seventh through ninth graders also fell from 14.1% to 10.6% and the drug use in older teens also declined. Lifetime heroin use among 16-to-18-year-olds also fell from 2.5% to 1.8%. This development had a positive side effect on the curbing new HIV infection because it fell 17% because needles do not need to be shared anymore with legalizing the drugs (Szalavitz). Also,

Hamburger and Materials Management Essay Example for Free

Hamburger and Materials Management Essay Resources: Ch. 12 of Introduction to Business. Read the Developing Good Business Sense activity on p. 394 of the text. Answer Questions 1–4 from the activity in a 700- to 1,050-word paper in APA format. Post your paper as an attachment. | The operations of a company consist of three stages. These stages are simple: the input, the operations, and the output stages. The process of the input stage includes raw materials, components, labor and customers. The operations process involves the skills, knowledge, machines, and experts needed to operate the company. As far as the output stage, this involves what we physically use or experience from the company, known as the goods and services (Jones, 2007). Every company, whether it be services such as hair and nails, serving, or patient care, or goods being sold such as jewelry, wholesale businesses, or a corporation like ShopRite or Wal-Mart, they all experience these stages uniquely. Each company runs experiencing input, operations, and output stages, but each stage is handled differently according to what kind of business, what is being offered, and who is running it. The activities that regulate the course of the resources between these particular stages is what we call materials management. Materials management helps operate these stages smoothly and effectively, providing necessities and organization (Jones, 2007). Let’s take a look at three different businesses and how each one handles materials management and the three operational stages. The first company that is going to be observed is Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart is a company that has developed over the years into being a commonly recognized place to get everyday necessities for a great price. The process of operations for a business such as Wal-Mart is simple compared to others. The input stage focuses on what is needed for the company to run, such as, labor and employees, contact with a wholesaler, and more all while keeping the customers in mind. Wal-Mart strives to keep a friendly staff and low prices in order to keep the customer’s best interest and loyalty. The way Wal-Mart would go about doing this is hiring qualified staff and train them to best suit the company, and forming an alliance with suppliers that offer products at low prices. As far as the operations of Wal-Mart, they hire the best suited people with the skills and knowledge of this type of company’s operations. They are equipped with machinery and constantly updating in order to keep up with latest trends. With their input and operations, comes the output stage. This is where the goods and services that Wal-Mart offers is placed into the market for consumers to decide. Mentioned previously, Wal-Mart strives to meet the every need of customers providing a great shopping experience. So far, Wal-Mart is still one of the most successful companies of its kind and doesn’t look like anything is going to change that anytime soon. The second company that was observed is Burger King. Burger King is a fast food restaurant business that has a lot of competition. The slogan, â€Å"Have it Your Way,† has allowed Burger King to make way for success. The operations behind this slogan is a bit more complicated. The input of Burger King consists of associations with suppliers in order to have the best quality possible for a frozen, fast food restaurant. From the supplies of burgers, to fries, milkshakes and salads, Burger King is not going to have a supplier produce outdated food or else that would be horrible materials management. The operations stage of Burger King is figuring out new ways to produce faster and better food and service to its customers while living up to its slogan. Doing this, Burger King would have to make sure everything is up to date and employees are equipped with the skills and knowledge to come up with new innovations to suit the needs of the company. The output stage of Burger King is providing the service fast and efficiently. Making sure that all food is sanitary and delivered quickly. The third company that was observed is St. Joseph’s Hospital. This is a hospital that specializes in critical care and emergencies. The operations of this hospital is crucial because it is not only service, but it holds people’s lives at stake. The input of the hospital would be having ownership of the supplies and relationships with suppliers. This way when it comes to operations stage, the best and most updated equipment is ready for use and can provide the best service possible. Between these two stages, the best and most skilled doctors, nurses, and staff are hired in order to ensure safety and health. As far as the output stage of St. Joseph’s Hospital, the services provided are high-quality service and safety. As we look at these companies, we can see that a lot goes into operations behind the service and goods we receive as consumers. The way a company designs its operating system is crucial for success. The input, operations, and output are only a part of what is contributed. It is the materials management, the flow of how things are ran that really makes or breaks the backbone of a business. The way the systems are designed will give one company an advantage over another. Using materials management effectively and really going into detail about research will give a company more of an advantage than another. It will help a business increase its productivity, innovation, quality, and most importantly, its responsiveness to customers. Not only does the operations come into effect when running a successful business, but costs are a big part as well. Operations and materials management costs, also known as, OMM, consist of many costs pertaining to a company. The main costs of OMM are, raw materials and components, plant, labor, inventory, and distribution (Jones, 2007). These costs affect companies’ operations because each cost if part of the operating system. Without effectively running operations, costs will run a business†¦ out of business. Including costs during the operating process is a crucial way to success. This is all a part of materials management! References Jones, G. R. (2007). Introduction to business: How companies create value for people. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Define Normal Book Talk :: essays research papers

What if you had to peer council a person that you couldn't even stand! Would you be mad? Or what would you do if it happened to you? One of the main characters is a girl named Jasmine but they call her Jazz for short. Jazz is basically a goth girl and she has black hair with a little pink on top. She goes to high school and is around the age of 15. Jazz is in a pretty bad mood usually but it just depends on what she is doing. The other main character's name is Antonia. Antonia is a very smart girl and helps other people out with their problems. She is like a councilor. She has about shoulder length dirty blond hair and is pretty average in height for her age. She is usually in a good mood but sometimes she can get mad or sad. The last main character is Antonia's mom. She has pretty good attitudes depending on what she feels like. She is in her mid-30's. Antonia's mom smokes and she has been really sick lately. Her mom is that antagonist in this story because she can't even get out of bed unless she feels good. Since her mom has been sick, Antonia has to take care of everything around the house, including her brother. So one day Antonia was at a freind's house and her mom and brother decide to go on a picnic and when they were done she took her son to a motel, and then left to go to a bar down the road. When she was done at the bar, she went back to the motel and passed out on the floor. So when Antonia got home, nobody was there. About a half an hour later, her brother called and said that their mom had passed out and that they were at a motel. Her brother didn't know the name of the motel so he looked around and remembered the bar. He told his sister the name of the bar that their mom had gone to and then she knew right where they were.

Differences between family and friends Essay

Throughout our lives we interact in many and varied relationships. These can range from intense emotional and physical interactions, to casual acquaintances. Our ability to bond, congregate and network within these relationships is not restricted to the family or kin from whom we are born; many are the result of friendships formed within our societal settings. We develop friendship relationships within the work place, sporting activities and shared community interests. The commonality of interest can be in residential status, class, race, gender and religious beliefs. The formation of relationships can have a multitude of meanings and importance to the individual, whether formed with family or friends. So how do the importance of relationships between family and friends differ? According to Baker (2001, p.1) â€Å"Our ‘personal’ decisions and lifestyle ‘choices’ are influenced in a myriad, often hidden, ways by what happens in the wider world†. This suggests that as individuals we need the influence of the outside world to assist in our decision-making processes. However, both family and friendship relationships offer a range of external (social) and internal (private) life networks from which the individual or group can access personal and social knowledge, resources and support. The difference in the level, mannerism and depth of needs attended to by both family and friendship relationships must then be discussed to access the importance of each and the role it plays in the life of the individual and society. Friendship Goerg Simmel (in G. Little, 1993, p.31) saw friendship as pure sociability. Simmell â€Å"pictured society as a web of sociability, a subtle balance of delicate exchanges† †¦ â€Å"it was only the name given to the comings and going of human beings, the interchanges that simultaneously link and separate people†. Simmel further describes friends as artists, claiming â€Å"friends must  commit themselves to communicating well, putting all distraction aside†. Simmell’s description of friendship in society, describes the way in which we communicate in our external lives, separate to that of family or kin relations. The communicative commitment we put into these meetings will depend on the level of interaction desired, given our commonality and interest. Therefore, the formation of friendships is based on the attention given to conversation, how well we communicate and the manner in which we construct our communication. All other encounters are purely polite exchanges of greetings between people we meet externally. Friendly interactions can therefore become an extension of our internal family lives. A case study of social networks conducted by Lyn Richards (in Gilding, 1999, p.121-23) of a Melbourne suburb revealed how â€Å"residents constructed a wide variety of relationships with their neighbours†. The social exchange of neighbourhood residents extended to sharing equipment and getting to know each other on a more personal basis, allowing friendship relations to enter the internal domain family life by choice rather than necessity. This offers an interesting perspective to Simmell’s analysis of friendship simply being polite but attentive exchanges of our everyday external lives. It suggests that we not only form friendships externally out of politeness but also  internally to share our family relations. Richards noted however, that the association between friends and family relations are separated by the difference in time spent with family and friends. Edward Shorter (1979, p.231) writes†¦Ã¢â‚¬ in traditional society the kin group counted for relatively little in emotional terms, being primarily a reservoir of material support in emergencies†. The view here is that friendship relations are an extension of family relations, allowing additional resources to be obtained. Friendship is then seen as an important  commodity to completing our hierarchy of needs. Therefore, placing restrictions on the importance and position of family and friendship contributing factors to our family and societal needs, with the extent of these needs measured in material and emotional contexts. Demographically family structures have endured many changes to the way in which family member conduct their lives. Changes to labour market forces, socio-economics and lifestyle choices, have left many with little or no time to conduct friendship relationships within the family unit. The importance of emotional support and mental well-being is then passed onto external avenues such as social services and friendship alliances. Meaning, that whilst our physical needs are being met through income support (wages, benefits), our emotional needs are neglected over time taken to achieve our physical and material needs. Therefore, positioning friendship relations as an important aspect of our familial and societal structure. Talcott Parsons (in van Krieken et al, 2000, p.328) described the functions of the nuclear family as the â€Å"primary socialization of children and the stabilization of the adult personalities of the population of society (1955a, p.16). Parsons analysis of  socialisation and stabilisation functioning describes the family as a secure and sociable entity, capable of providing both social learning and emotional well-being. To support Parsons description Bell and Zajdow (in Jureidini and Poole, 2003, p.275-76) describe the family â€Å"as an entity where people have their emotional needs cared for by a wife or mother has displaced the household whose primary purpose was to produce goods for the material well-being of family members†. The descriptions of families given here, lead to families providing emotional support for its members, similar to that of friendship relationships. How can we determine at this point, which is more important? Family support and learning can be contained within the family, kept private and discussed with members whom share common kin ties. The emotional support of friendship risks private consultation becoming public and has no biological status. Therefore, the family as a social and emotional provider is viewed as more important. The difference and diversity of families and friendship relations as pointed out in Shorter (1979, p.231-41) may provide insight into the importance of family dynamics. Shorter describes a variety of family and kin units, their origins and values placed on human contact. The research shows that despite having sociable human contact, preference is given to remaining close to family and kin, and protecting the family unit from external intrusion. Thus, providing the family with a direct sense of purpose and well-being for the individual, a place of sanctity and security when the outside world is no longer required or available. Our experiences of the world are subjective, we engage in both physical and emotional stimulation to suffice our needs. However, the main source for supply and demand of these needs is found in our value of our family and kin relationships. Family values are found in family traits, traditions and familiarity of its members and Family and Friends 5 its stability in a demographically changing social world. In this sense, friendships may come and go; however, family values will always remain, placing an emphasis on the importance of families. Where do families achieve their stability and security? The structural functionalism of families can assist in maintaining stability and security, through its ability to â€Å"provide individuals with the opportunity for  emotional support, companionship, sexual expression, reproduction and the socialisation of children†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ They maintain social order and control through disciplining their children and other members† (Baker, 2001, p.73). The ability of families to maintain social and familial control provides members with a sense of self-control over ones life. A setting to which they can return to safe in the knowledge that emotional, physical and material guidance and support can be sought. Therefore, positioning the family as a place belonging and familiarity. Conclusion There appears to be little doubt that both family and friends play and important role in ones life. To measure to importance we cannot ignore the difference and diversity of both family and friendship relationships. For some the relationship of friends is extremely important, for others it is the relationship of the family. To assess why friendship relationships appear to be more important, it is essential to recognise the demographic changes that have occurred in the past and the rate at which changes occur in the present. Family dynamics now share a variety of different relationship structures such as, defacto, stepfamilies, same sex partners,  adoption and foster parenting. All of which have their own unique set of values, social and cultural traits. The apparent multitude of difference and diversity of both family and friendship arrangements, in an ever-changing world, may embrace the need for external relations outside the family. Friendship relationships can become symbolic of demographic changes, be non-compliant with family traditions and have the flexibility to endure future change. Thus, placing an importance on the need and value of friendship relationships.

A Personal Perspective: Personal Reflections on Followership and Leadership Essay

I will discuss personal follower and leader interactions with two individuals that I have worked with over the last five to seven years. I selected these individuals because of my relationship with them and their leadership capabilities. Secondly, I admire and model after both of them. Finally, I selected these individuals because they believe in me and have invested in my professional and personal development. I will discuss their leadership style in context with course materials and illustrate how I am able to be an effective follower under their leadership. I will also discuss the leadership qualities that make them highly effective leaders. A Personal Perspective: Personal Reflections on Followership and Leadership Trust is the most important factor in most relationships, professional and personal. It is very easy to follow someone that you trust, even when there are differences of opinion. I have worked under the leadership of two dynamic leaders for the last five to seven years. The first is my boss, Karen Schrock, President & CEO of Adult Well-Being Services. The second individual I selected is my Pastor, James Minnick. I selected Karen and James because of my relationship with them. They are both highly effective leaders that I admire for their ability to lead under pressure, manage difficult people and situations, accomplish what needs to be accomplish and remain positive. They believe in me and have invested in my professional and personal development. I strongly concur with the statement leaders are only as good as the people who follow (Johnson, 2011). Bjudstads defines followership as the ability to effectively follow the directives and support the efforts of a leader to maximize the organization (Bjudstad, 2006). An effective follower is one who is enthusiastic, self-reliant, and fulfills their duties with enthusiasm (Kelly, 1998). Courageous, honesty, credibility, competence, and focus are  also qualities of a good follower. It is easy to follow when you are lead by leaders who are competent, passionate, exhibit compassion, and are able to communicate the vision, goals and objectives. I have worked with Karen for seven years, first as her Administrative Assistant and now as the Manager of Executive Office Operations and Stapleton Operations. I worked as a project manager with my previous employer and the skills I developed in that position enabled me to transition to the position of Administrative Assistant for the President & CEO of an organization with ease. They refer to us as the dynamic duo because we work so well together. Karen is very organized, a detailed planner, and clearly communicates her expectations. I am very organized and a detailed planner. We meet at the beginning of each week. We both prepare a list of priorities (often they contain the same items). We differ in communication style. I prefer emails. She prefers face to face or phone communication. A good follower adapts to the style of the leader when necessary. So, I’ve adapted my style somewhat. When managing contacts for her, I will make the call or contact in person. Leaders and foll owers have to be flexible. I am able to approach her and discuss my view when we disagree because of our relationship and her leadership style. She always takes the time to make sure I understand even high level decisions. She shares information so that I am able to make better decisions and work more effectively as a follower. I follow her because I trust that she has my best interest, as well as the best interest of the organization, in her perspective as she leads us. Another quality that allows me to be an effective follower is Karen allows me to do my work. I cannot imagine how frustrating it is to be micromanaged. I don’t require a lot of supervision. I know her expectations. I know the organization. I ask questions and for help when necessary. I am also proactive. It is not necessary for her to tell me what needs to be done in every instance. After working with her for so long, I often know what is expected and accomplish it before it is requested. I advise her of ongoing projects and issues that require her attention. It is my responsibility as a follower to ensure she is informed. Johnson states followers have a responsibility to give good information (Johnson, 2011). Good information i s not necessarily pleasant. I am able  to tell her things others often sugar coat. If something is not working, she needs to know. I also present her with possible solutions when presenting problems. I am comfortable making decisions and informing her of the problem and my resolution. If I make a bad decision, she uses that as a learning opportunity. This is empowering, and has built my confidence and helped me develop as a manager. My relationship with James Minnick started many years ago. We grew up in our local church and I have known him for over thirty five years. I did not work closely with him until he became our Pastor. Shortly after becoming Pastor, he asked me to serve as a Trustee. I am now the Assistant Financial Secretary. It is in this capacity that I have grown to respect him as an effective leader. I am able to exhibit the same qualities of a follower as a Trustee that I exhibit when working with Karen. The environment is different; however, I am who I am. I am just as efficient at a Trustee a nd Assistant Financial Secretary as I am as an employee of Adult Well-Being Services. Good stewardship is required in both environments. Good leaders are able to identify the talents and abilities of their followers to fulfill the vision and mission of the organization in business and non-business environments. I have the same commitment to the Church and its leader as I have to the organization that I work for. I follow James because I trust him and his ability to lead membership. It is easy to follow him because he allows each of us to first recognize, and then use our gifts to support the ministry. I have grown tremendously under the leadership of both of the individuals I’ve discussed. I am able to use my skills, talents and abilities at both organizations and use the resources of both organizations for the common good. I have learned from experiences at Adult Well-Being Services that have helped me as a Trustee and Financial Secretary at the church. They have assigned me projects that I did not believe I was capable of managing but with their encouragement, I accomplished them. James is also the Director of Transportation for Detroit Public Schools. I volunteered to head a project at work to use his expertise to improve our transportation operations. I have watched Karen develop collaborations and relationships to benefit the organization, and used this as a model to develop opportunities and relationships that benefit the organization and church. Goleman (2000) identified six leadership styles: coercive, reflective, affiliative, democratic, pacesetting and coaching. Goleman and Gupta explain good leaders use all of the leadership styles; however, they consistently use only four of the leadership styles. Not all of the styles produce positive results and a positive work climate (Goleman, 82). I was able to visualize how Karen and James use the styles presented and their impact on the organizations they lead. On a more personal note, I was able to see how the styles have impacted my relationship with them and my ability to be an effective follower. The four leadership styles that produce positive results and create a positive work environment are: 1. Authoritative (Mobilizes people toward a vision, encourages others to be a part); 2. Democratic (Works towards consensus, seeks the input of others); 3. Affliliative (Builds harmony and emotional bonds, people come first); and 4. Coaching (Develops people for the future, encourages new ideas/actions). These four styles, as well as the coercive and pacesetting, are demonstrated in the follower and leader interactions I have with James and Karen. I have to admit there are times when I say to them â€Å"Hold-up. You’re taking me too fast.† But I later appreciate that they trust my ability to do what they are asking me to do (even when I don’t). There are also times when they have to pull rank and say â€Å"just do it† because I am resistant and may not want to comply with what I’m being asked to do. I’m learning that there are times when they just want things accomplished. While it may not be my responsibility, it would prolong their desire to have the task accomplished if I don’t do it. Most of the time their leadership styles exhibit the characteristics of leadership apparent in the democratic, coaching, authoritative, and affliliative leadership styles. Not only are these leadership styles beneficial to me, they benefit the organizations the lead. Under their leadership, stressful and chaotic situations become less stressful and chaotic. No one can ever say that they don’t know what’s expected of them because the goals and objectives are always communicated clearly. Karen and James possess values that enable me to follow without reservation. Honesty is first and foremost. They also value people as individuals, recognizing individual strengths and weaknesses. Bjugstad theorizes that organizations can maximize the strengths and minimize the weaknesses of leader-follower relationships by matching the styles of leaders and followers (Bjugstad, 2006). I did not seek leaders from the delegating leadership quadrant. The selected me and  have allowed me to develop into an exemplary follower. I also model their leadership styles and am growing as a leader. Exemplary leaders make it easy for others to be exemplary followers. References Bjugstad, K., Thach, E. C., Thompson, K. J., & Morris, A. (2006). A fresh look at followership: A model for matching followership and leadership styles. Journal of Behavioral & Applied Management, 7(3), 304–319. Goleman, D. (2000). Leadership that gets results. Harvard Business Review, 78(2), 78-90. Retrieved March 25, 2014, from the Business Source Complete database. Gupta, S. (2011, July). Leadership that delivers results. Siliconindia, 14(7), 34-35. Retrieved March 26, 2014, from Business Source Complete. Retrieved from the Walden University library database. Johnson, B. (2011, September). Good followership. Training Journal, 32–36. Retrieved March 15, 2014, from the Walden Library databases. Kelley, R. E. (1988). In praise of followers. Harvard Business Review, 66(6), 142–148. Retrieved March 15m 2014, from the Walden Library databases. Walumbwa, F. O., Lawler, J. J., & Avolio. B. J. (2007). Leadership, individual differences, and work-related attitudes: A cr oss cultural investigation. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 56(2), 212-230. Retrieved March 25, 2014, from the Business Source Complete database.