Avago Technologies and Broadcom Announce

Question: Discuss about the Avago Technologies and Broadcom Announce. Answer: Introduction: Broadcom is a company that has been dominating the market by providing the required technology and engineering that ascribes to the world standards (Corporation, 2017). The company boasts of various innovations that have seen it work and collaborate with other businesses such as the Hewlett-Packard in providing the necessary technology in the market. One of the primary objectives of Broadcom is to provide technologies and infrastructure that join and connect the world (Corporation, 2017). The purpose of this report is to analyze the effectiveness of these three aspects of transportation management, namely incoterms selection consideration, carrier selection criteria and carrier relationship management for Broadcom Limited Company. The factors named above are critical to the success of companies such as Broadcom in facilitating the appropriate mode of transport thus reducing the costs in the long-run. Broadcom has a heritage of supplying technologies that are either analog or digitally based on semiconductors majoring in communications that are wireless, wired infrastructure and providing digital storage for data enterprises(Smith, 2016).The company began in 1961 as a division of the Hewlett-Packard that specialized in the production of semiconductor products. Today, the company has facilitated innovation of technologies such as the optical sensors, microwaves, and the fiber optics. The company has headquarters in both Singapore and California providing for two major markets. Broadcom merged with Avago Technologies, and the two became one in 2016 (Team, 2015).Broadcom limited has mastered the world in creating innovative technologies that are required by manufacturers of items such as Smartphones and the optic sensors used in various industries. The mobile technology has grown immensely from the efforts of companies such as Broadcom. In 2015; Broadcom was forced to exit the market as a result of stiff competition in the cellular market with companies such as Qualcomm dominating the market. Other significant players in the market who provide stiff competition include companies such as Applied Materials among others (Smith, 2016). Incoterms Selection Criteria In the publications of the international chamber of commerce, there are rules for various modes of transport and the rules are suitable for both the inland and waterway transport. However, the ICC made some amendments that were meant to ensure that the terms that were multimodal were used appropriately instead of using a repeat of the maritime conditions. In using the right term requires the seller to choose some elements that are fundamental (Malfliet, n.d.). One of the factors that are critical is the nature of the goods that is whether the products are manufactured or containerized. The mode of shipment is also crucial where the goods may be shipped or uses the multimodal. The nature of the products that Broadcom transacts with such as the wireless communications, the fiber optics, the LEDs and the optical sensors are items that can be shipped in containers for exportation. The products can also be packaged in boxes that make it convenient for shipment by the seller and sent to the buyer. However, the mode of transfer is the biggest problem. Broadcom should adopt the Delivered at the place; this is because this method of shipment allows the seller to bear all the risks till the commodities get delivered at the buyers destination. The buyer pays for all the costs associated with the customs duty and the taxes in such a place (Strong, 2013). Countries often tend to have different customs duties and taxation fees, and as such it will relieve Broadcom of such costs that have the impact of increasing operational costs. Delivered at a place is convenient as it allows the buyer to inspect the goods and see if there are any damages, whether the goods are of th e required amount and the right standard. As opposed to the other Incoterms such as the Free on Board, Delivered at a Place reduces the possibility of shifting the blame on the seller in case the products get damaged it is easy to know where they got damaged from as the products are checked at the point of entry by the buyer (Malfliet, n.d.). The goods that Broadcom sells are more of electronic and in most cases the chances of getting damaged are high. It is due to the nature of the products that makes it convenient to use the Incoterm DAP; the method also allows the buyer to have access to all documentation regarding the commodities once the goods arrive at the point of entry (Strong, 2013). The seller in this case only incurs the exportation costs. Shipment of products by air is one of the most convenient and fastest means that gets goods delivered at the buyers premises (Malfliet, n.d.). In this case, the goods that Broadcom trades in are items such as fiber optics and the silicon hardware can be shipped through the use of air. In such a case it ensures that such products are delivered on time, and as such serve the market demands though the costs with the air transport are expensive, it is the fastest. Broadcom as such can serve many markets at a go with the use of the air travel. Carrier Selection Criteria Shipment companies and the customers both strive to achieve their goals but in different mannerisms. Insurers are also important as they over the goods against risks that may arise in the process of transportation. The need for speed is a factor that is important for both the shippers and their clients (Coyle, Langley Jr, Gibson, Novack, 2012). With Broadcom, geographical coverage is an important factor more so where the customers for the products are spread in the United States which means the market served is large. The carrier thus chosen should be in a position to access the traffic across the markets with easiness so as to supply the clients with the silicon made hardware (Coyle, Langley Jr, Gibson, Novack, 2012) . Most of the Broadcom products are electronic in nature and therefore require better handling to avoid or minimize damage as most of the products are expensive. It is, therefore, important that the carrier chosen should have experience of handling such commodities with little chances of damaging the products. Availability of facilities and equipment to handle the goods that are supplied by Broadcom is another key element to consider. The carrier should have the equipment that can accommodate the hardware to be transported (Donney, 2010). Equipment such as the fork lifters for loading the packed electronics in the cargo and also the containers for both the shipment and domestic purposes are an asset for a carrier. Ability to have information shared by the carrier is also necessary more so in the case of products that Broadcom engages with which require frequent monitoring due to purposes and the functions they serve. As such it is important that the carrier have an Electronic mapping to view the cargo on transit and there should be communication between the people transporting the cargo and the carrier officers providing information on the progress of the consignment (Donney, 2010). The strength of the carrier regarding financial stability is critical for Broadcom. There is need to check documents such as the balance sheet and the income statements so as to know the future carrier prospects regarding continuity and also to assess the capability of the carrier to pay the cargo in case of damage or loss of the consignment (Donney, 2010). The freight should also charge fees that are fair as compared to other carriers in the market. It is important to note that in case the costs of a carrier are high it means that the operating costs of Broadcom will increase which has the effect of either making their products expensive as compared to the competitors (Mukherjee, 2016). On the other hand, it may have the effect of reducing the profits of the company. The carrier should also be reliable regarding delivering the cargo on time. In most cases, Broadcom would always want to deliver on time to their esteemed clients so that their customers on the other side can serve their markets and needs on time. As such Broadcom should choose a carrier that is efficient in keeping time. Carriers that have a history of being unreliable should be avoided at all costs (Donney, 2010). Carrier relationship management Outsourcing is very common for most companies due to the nature of services it offers and the convenience it provides. Broadcom should outsource with the aim of reducing the transportation costs associated with its fleet. With outsourcing, there is the effect of reducing costs of transport thus lessen the cost of production (Robbinson, 2015). Broadcom outsourcing a carrier means that the company can concentrate on the manufacture of the silicon hardware where it has expertise thus specializing more in the production. At times the damage of cargo on transit happens because Broadcom lacks the know-how and skill of handling such cargo. On the other hand, when a carrier is outsourced, it means that the carrier company specializes in transporting and handling the cargo and as such reduces the chances of damage or loss (Robbinson, 2015). Outsourcing is also often used in new markets where the company has limited knowledge of how the markets operate. Broadcom in such a case where it is serving a market that it barely understands would outsource so as to avoid the risks and uncertainties associated with transporting cargo in such a market (Nandi, Ganapathi, 2015). Type 2 partnerships would be appropriate for Broadcom particularly when its line of production is defined; it manufactures silicon made hardware for various uses. In this type of relationship, it is based on a long-term basis which means that the appropriate infrastructure gets developed over time to accommodate the nature of products produced by Broadcom. With this kind of partnership, more activities are handled, and it is an advantage to Broadcom since it means that more services get provided along the way and thus strengthens the transport infrastructure for Broadcom. In building the relationship between Broadcom and the partnership, some factors are important (Chikwava, 2012). Planning is fundamental for partnerships so as to ensure that both parties perform as per what has been planned. It is the role of Broadcom to ensure that there is a plan as to how the transport system will work for it to avoid inconveniences in future. The role of communication is important for Broadcom and the partner. The need for sharing information that is critical for decision making cannot be ignored if partnerships are to work efficiently. In such associations, it is also important that the risks be shared equally and also the same should apply for benefits. As such it ensures that burdens do not fall only on one party which may ruin the success of partnership (Chikwava, 2012). Trust is a virtue that strengthens partnership; Broadcom should act in the best interest of the partner. It is trust in most cases that facilitates proper functioning of partnership as both parties believe each other in their operation knowing that there is nothing that is hidden. In transportation, there is the need for immense trust and cooperation as at times there may be a breakdown of the system and it is the role of the parties to have tremendous faith in each other. Conclusion Broadcom limited has been in the market for more than 56 years in providing semiconductor technologies (Corporation, 2017). However, some aspects are important in operating such a company such as the Incoterms that it uses in moving its cargo to various destinations. The appropriate choice of an Incoterm such as the Delivered at the point ensures that the cargo is safe and facilitates inspection while air transport ensures that the product is delivered faster where urgency is necessary (Malfliet, n.d.) The selection criteria for a carrier is also required where factors such as the availability of equipment to accommodate the goods in transit and also the experience of a carrier to reduce chances of damaging the products. The flow of information is also required for the carrier in the process of transporting the cargo to the destination so as to keep the client at bay on the progress of the load (Donney, 2010).Outsourcing is considered sufficient by most companies due to the specialization it offers in providing customized services to the customer outsourcing. For a company such as Broadcom, it is vital to outsource transportation is it reduces the cost of transport which on the other hand reduces operating costs. However, with outsourcing, there is the need for partnerships designed to reduce the expenses in the long-run and also providing other many services to Broadcom limited. References Chikwava, K. (2012). Sustaining contractual business (1st ed.). [Place of publication not identified]: Xlibris Corp. Corporation, B. (2016). Avago Technologies and Broadcom Announce Preliminary Election Results of Broadcom Shareholders. GlobeNewswire News Room. Retrieved from https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2016/01/26/804526/0/en/Avago- Technologies-and-Broadcom-Announce-Preliminary-Election-Results-of-Broadcom- Shareholders.html Corporation, B. (2017). Company History. Broadcom.com. Retrieved from https://www.broadcom.com/company/about-us/company-history/ Corporation, B. About Us. Broadcom.com. Retrieved from https://www.broadcom.com/company/about-us/ Coyle, J., Langley Jr, C., Gibson, B., Novack, R. (2012). Supply chain management (1st ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Donney, T. (2010). carrier selection criteria (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.agcs.allianz.com/assets/PDFs/risk%20bulletins /ARC_RB17_en_Carrier_Selection_Guidelines.pdf Malfliet, J. Incoterms 2010 and the mode of transport: how to choose the right term (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.cutn.sk/library/proceedings/mch_2011/editovane_prispevky/malfliet-163-pdf Mukherjee, K. (2016). Supplier selection criteria and methods: past, present and future. International Journal Of Operational Research, 27(1/2), 356.https://dx.doi.org /10.1504/ijor.2016.078470 Nandi, S., Ganapathi, S. (2015). Logistics management (1st ed.). New York [u.a.]: Oxford Univ. Pr. Robbinson, A. (2015). 4 Core Benefits of Outsourcing Transportation Management. Transportation Management Company | Cerasis. Retrieved from: https://cerasis.com/2015/07/29/outsourcing-transportation-management/ Sikka, P. (2015). Avago Announces Acquisition of Broadcom Today, a $37-Billion Deal - Market Realist. Marketrealist.com. Retrieved from https://marketrealist.com/2015/05/avago-acquire-broadcom-37-billion/ Smith, L. (2016). Avago Completes Acquisition of Broadcom | StorageReview.com Storage Reviews. Storagereview.com. Retrieved from https://www.storagereview.com/avago_completes_acquisition_of_broadcom Strong, S. (2013). Incoterms-2010-DAP-DAT-or-DDP-Is-it-D-for-Dangerous. Strongandherd.co.uk. Retrieved from https://www.strongandherd.co.uk/international-trade-articles/april-2013-incoterms-2010-ndash-dap-dat-or-ddp-is-it-d-for-dangerous/ Team, T. (2015). Forbes Welcome. Forbes.com. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/greatspeculations/2015/06/02/broadcom-to-be-acquired-by-avago-in-record-tech-deal/#31962bdf3e13

The Employment and HR Practices-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: The Employment and HR practices used by US-owned and Japanese-owned companies with operations in Singapore are best explained by their country-of-origin. To what extent do you agree with this claim? Answer: Human resource management plays a crucial role in the management of the organization. As a matter of fact, it is the centre of corporate strategy. It is considered as the attribute to the fact in which it facilitates an organization to improve the situation of the company for attaining objectives and forming sustainable competitive advantages. Employment is a relationship between two parties which is based on the contract where work is paid for. Employment law considers the employee of the organization regarding their wages, salaries, dismissal justification, and employer insolvency and working schedules. There is a number of laws and legislation which may affect the management of human resources in the organization. The topic of the essay indicates to describe the practices of HR and employment utilized by US owned companies and Japanese owned companies with operations in Singapore and it requires an effective explanation by their country of origin. The employment and HR practices of US owned company is entirely different from other country. Guest, (2011), argues that the concept of dealing employees and way of working in the organization of US is different which influence many organizations of different countries to deal with them. The operations with Singapore organization of US owned company is reflecting the effective combination between the HR practices and employment. Clegg, Kornberger Rhodes, (2007), stated that the culture of the Singapore regarding HR practices is different so it can be analyzed easily that the difference will be come in the organization of Singapore in comparison of US. Cultural factor is considered as the major factor which may define the entire condition regarding this topic. Wide-ranging cultural differences from country to country demand corresponding differences in HR practices among a companys foreign subsidiaries. Difference in economies system among countries also the cause of difference of HR practices. Efficiency is required on essential basis in the case of high labor costs. For instance, HR Practices aimed to improve the employee performance. Inter-country differences in labor costs are substantial. It has been analyzed that the hourly compensation cost in U.S. dollars for production workers which recently reached at peak and ranged from a high of $25.56 in Germany to a low of $2.65 in Mexico. It impacts the working style of the US owned companies with operations in Singapore. In the context of particular interest to operations of other country with Singapore is the suggestion that political forces such as professional associations, unions and governments are important factors of HR practices. It has been evaluated that the government of the Singapore organization is has taken a more active and interventional approach to economic development. Tiwari, (2013), argued that government wage policies have vital role in the highly successful economic development of the coun try. However, the Singapore National Productivity Board and other institutions announced that raining and development program should be developed in the organization to give proper training to new joining so that the vision and mission of the organization has clear in the view of new joiner. Along with that it provides a range of executive and management development training. Furthermore, professional organization in Singapore such as Singapore Institute of Personnel Management and the Singapore Institute of Management focus on providing the adequate training and development program on up-to-date HRM and other management skills. I agree with the topic of the essay that the employment and HR practices used by US-owned and Japanese-owned companies with operations in Singapore are best explained by their country-of-origin. It has been agreed by me due to analyze the organization of US owned and Japanese owned company with operations in Singapore. Toyota Motor Corporation is a multinational automotive Japanese company which headquarters is situated in Japan. Toyota Car Manufacturer Company has been using its principles to manufacture the reliable car as well as sustainable development of society through occupies innovative and super quality products and services. It is the company which has been spreader in all over the world. Toyota Motor Corporation is Japanese owned company which operates its operations with Singapore. It has been analyzed that the operations of Singapore organization is more effective due to have efficient HR practices and the organization of Toyota in Singapore is operating its operation as per the employment and HR Practices of Japan (Piotrowski Guyette, 2010). It is not necessary that other country follow the entire rule of another country but the organization of Toyota Company is efficient to manage the rules of Singapore government with handling the policies of Toyota Company. Due to follow the proper policy of HR practices and employment, the Toyota Company of Japan introduced its first turbocharged model in Singapore. It is the only company which has introduced a turbocharged model in Singapore. The employment and HR Practices of Singapore organization is effective and it has been suggested that Singapore unions not only show the interest of their membership but take on a cooperative role in facilitating execute government economic policies. Moreover, the more inventions strategy has been adopted by Singapore organization to encourage the incorporation of "non-cultural" HRM practices into firms operating in Singapore. It has been suggested by Tiwari, (2013), th at organization adopted HR practices which they see being used by other organizations not by observing the effectiveness of practices for their organization. The culture norms of the Far East and the vital part of the patriarchal system influence the view of Japanese worker of his relationship to an employer along with it affect the working style of the worker. It has been researched in the journal of Farley, Hoenig and Yang, (2004) that the Japanese workers are most loyal and they expect the long term relationship with organization in return for their loyalty. For instance, incentives plan of the Japan country to its employee tend to focus on the work group, while in the West the major focus of the organization is on the performance of individual worker and incentives plan has made as per their performance. On the other hand, the main focus of the organization of Singapore on the training and development program so that the employee can get better understanding about the vision and mission of the organization (Mendenhall, 2012). It has been analyzed that the hiring and selection process of each country is different but in the context of subsidiary company the process and structure of hiring and selection process is formed as per procedure of home country. The policies and practices of U.S. and Japanese companies differ with respect to the procedures utilized for selecting personnel to fill profiles overseas and the programs of training used to make ready candidates. The hiring process in US-owned Company is typical due to U.S. labors and employment laws. It has been suggested by Boselie, Dietz and Boon, (2005), that the subsidiary of the U.S. owned company should be more practical because it has to follow the rules and procedures of Singapore as well as the norms of the company made by organization as per government of home country. It has been analyzed that the local environment to persuade affiliates toward the variation of local norms and practices. Apple is a technological multinational company which is situated in America and the main aim of company is to develop and offer online services, consumer electronic and computer software (Riches, et. al., 2015). It has more than 100 subsidiaries in all over the world and one of them is in Singapore. Strategic human resource management is keeping huge importance in the MNCs, it involves typical human resource components such as hiring, payroll, discipline and training in a collaborative manner to motivate retention and improve the quality of working. There are various factors such as institutional, political and cultural which may influence the specific national features will affect the transfer of HRM practices and the intrinsic fashion in which would happen (Farndale and Paauwe, 2007). Multinational Corporation can be recognized as the important agents of the phenomenon of globalization and the business international. When the practices of HRM are congruent with MNCs strategies, it enhances the attention to develop the business plan. It has been analyzed in the article of Mellahi Wood, (2004), that strategic HRM practices are able to enhance the productivity of the employee in relation to a MNCs aims. It leaves the portion of growth and failure to the ability of the HR manager to develop the practices which should be able to correspondence with entire strategy plan of the MNCs including economical, legal, social, political and cultural constraints of the subsidiary as well as host country. Adaption of HR practices is the process of adjusting these practices to respect the values of cultural, legislations, educations and traditions. Adaptation is usually related to host country effects which refer to the extent to which HRM practices in subsidiaries are impacted by the host country context (Dowling et. al., 2008). Susaeta Pin, (2008), argued that Japanese companies can easily export their strategies to the U.S. and Europe and it has been analyzed that the US is unable to export their practices to developing countries because the foreign attitudes towards work are little bit difficult that is why the subsidiaries of US owned companies in Singapore has to face some challenges in the context of HRM practices. Barmeyer Davoine, (2006), claims that Japanese companies are more successful in transferring some of their HR practices to its subsidiaries companies and it has been evaluated that Japanese companies are failed to execute the other practices in the west especially just in time and quality circles. Government policies and labor market is different for every country which might dictate some practices to be adopted by MNCs. On the other hand it has been noted by Gabler, Barmeyer Davoine, and (2008) that MNCs must take into consideration national development plans made by host countries and a dapt HR practices and employment policies consequently. MNCs usually respect local employment practices of the country. Political processes are considered as a barrier or facilitator in MNCs for the dispersion of universal practices. On the other hand, MNCs can utilize control system to reward subsidiaries that reflects conformance with the headquarter practices. There are so many issues in compensation in international HRM and it is vital for the organization that right type of compensation is most important for employee motivation in international HRM because the risks and challenges in performing are higher. Brewster and Suutari, (2005), stated that the policies of staffing in international HRM explain the procedure through which the MNC allocate the foreign job to the most eligible candidate. It has been analyzed that there are three approaches to staffing in MNC. These three approaches are polycentric, ethnocentric and geocentric. Polycentric approach refers to International Management which is the policy included in hiring and promoting good employees within an organization who are citizens of the host country (Tungli, and Peiperl, 2009). It is an approach that includes low cost of recruiting and training with no adjustment and communication and it describes a condition that it would be done since all employees are from the same region. Ethnocentric approach is utilized in MNCs having international strategic orientation on the other hand polycentric approach is able to maintain the employee of the certain area and it is the approach which involves sending employees from the parent countries to home country. Geocentric staffing approach is used when companies execute a transnational orientation. It is the approach in which people are recruited based on their skills and experiences irrespective of their nationality (Ferner, Almond and Colling, 2005). Figure 1: Comparison of staffing approaches Source: (Charles, 2013). Expatriate is the employee who moving from home country to foreign country with or without family for completion a job. Selection the right person is vital for the organization else it raises the issues in international business. There are five categories of attributes of success such as job factors, motivational state, family situation, language skills and relational dimensions. These five attributes are considered as the main factor which will be effective in determining the suitability of an expatriate for foreign assignments (Kusluvan, et. al., 2010). Training of expatriate and employee is an essential elements included in international business is a decisive factor determining the quality and performance of HR in international business. It is important for the international business to include cross cultural training, language training and technical training regarding job profile (Dowling, 2008). The subsidiaries companies of Japanese owned company and US owned company have to s uffer so many issues and conflicts due to lack of efficient training regarding above mentioned three aspects. It is essential for cross cultural training to include understanding and appreciation of hosts country culture. It has discussed that the language of Japan and US is different and that is why it is necessary for the country to provide language training to employees so that the subsidiaries companys employee would not have to face issues regarding language. The training must provide the knowledge of the language by using the rules of verbal, written, non verbal communication widespread in host country (Susaeta Pin, 2008). Every job role has responsibility that is why it is required for the employee to be trained about the job specifications to deal with the specific requirements of the job. As for economic factors, the economic factor may influence the organization of the host country which included exogenous factor influencing HRM to MNC. The factors of exogenous could be cleared in better way with the definition of MNE. An MNE is any business that takes out transactions in or between two businesses, decision making process is operating under a system that allows affect over capabilities and resources, where the transactions are considered as the major subject to attract by factors exogenous to the home country environment of the business. Economic factors also involved the economy of the particular state (Edwards, Colling and Ferner, 2007). It has been found that the employments in the Singapore is not that much effective and when the economy is in adverse situation and the rate of employment is low and the demand of the skilled people is high, force the people to do job even under low pay. In that case the adaption of HRM practices of parent company enhance the produ ctivity of the employee as well as the growth of the economy of the particular country amplifies. Economic factors that could influence the strategies of IHRM involve the type of economy, the state of the economy, labor market, unemployment rate, relationship of employment and inflation rate. Figure 2: Influence of the political economic system on HRM Source: (Boxall and Purcell, 2011). The legal factors also influence the strategies of the IHRM strategies of the host country, Tayeb, (2005); states that international organizational activities of HRM and industrial relations are main cause of the legal factors which may influence the Singapore organizations regulated by parent company. Along with that as for social cultural factors, number of people shares a distinct way of life with common values, beliefs and attitudes that are broadcasted over the period Figure 3: phases of the transfer process Source: (Susaeta Pin, 2008). The transfer initiates with the configuration of the policies of the headquarters which will have been affected by the country of origin of the MNC. The second components include the decision by parent company to adapt the HRM practices to host country. In the third step, negotiation will take place between the parent and the host country as of to decide the role of subsidiary. Possessions of critical resources are important to decide the negotiation power of the host country. The following phase is based on the adaption of HRM practices as internationalizes by the employees of the host country. In the limelight of above discussion, it has been concluded that managing human resource management in international organization can be a complex issues. The major aim of this study was to research the transfer of HR practices and employment from Japanese owned companies and US owned companies to their subsidiaries in Singapore. The ability of MNCs is to be competitive in todays international market is reliant to their ability to evolve and adapt the major resources for the purpose of widening the global paying field. Therefore, strategies have been developed to maintain the market competitiveness with human resource management practices. Political, legal ad socio-cultural factors has been discussed in this essay to provide better understanding about the impact of transferring HR Practices from parent company to host country. References Barmeyer, C., Davoine, E. 2006, International corporate cultures : From helpless global convergence to constructive European divergence, In C. Scholz, J. Zentes, Strategic Management - New rules for old Europe? Boselie, P., Dietz, G. and Boon, C., 2005, Commonalities and contradictions in HRM and performance research,Human resource management journal,15(3), pp.67-94. Boxall, P. and Purcell, J., 2011,Strategy and human resource management. Palgrave Macmillan. Brewster, C. and Suutari, V., 2005, Global HRM: aspects of a research agenda.Personnel Review,34(1), pp.5-21. Charles, W.L.H., 2013,International Business, Tata McGraw Hill. Clegg, S., Kornberger, M., Rhodes, C., 2007, Business Ethics as Practice, British Journal of Management , 18 (2), 107 - 122. Dowling, P., 2008,International human resource management: Managing people in a multinational context, Cengage Learning. Edwards, T., Colling, T. and Ferner, A., 2007. Conceptual approaches to the transfer of employment practices in multinational companies: an integrated approach.Human Resource Management Journal,17(3), pp.201-217. Farley, J.U., Hoenig, S. and Yang, J.Z., 2004, Key factors influencing HRM practices of overseas subsidiaries in China's transition economy,The international journal of human resource management,15(4-5), pp.688-704. Farndale, E. and Paauwe, J., 2007, Uncovering competitive and institutional drivers of HRM practices in multinational corporations,Human Resource Management Journal,17(4), pp.355-375. Ferner, A., Almond, P. and Colling, T., 2005, Institutional theory and the cross-national transfer of employment policy: The case of workforce diversityin US multinationals.Journal of International Business Studies,36(3), pp.304-321. Gabler, W., Barmeyer, C., Davoine, E. 2008, The intercultural challenges of the transfer of codes of conducts from the USA to Europe - Exploring the competencies facilitating the transfer process from US-American Headquarters to French and German subsidiaries. EGOS Conference, University of Amesterdam. Guest, D.E., 2011, Human resource management and performance: still searching for some answers.Human resource management journal,21(1), pp.3-13. Kusluvan, S., Kusluvan, Z., Ilhan, I. and Buyruk, L., 2010, The human dimension: A review of human resources management issues in the tourism and hospitality industry,Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,51(2), pp.171-214. Mellahi, K., Wood, G., 2004, Human Resource Management in Saudi Arabia. In P. Budhwar, Y. Debrah, Human Resource Management in Developing Countries (pp. 135 - 51). London: Routledge. Mendenhall, M.E. ed., 2012,Global leadership: Research, practice, and development. Routledge. Myloni, B., Harzing, A.W. and Mirza, H., 2007, The effect of corporate-level organizational factors on the transfer of human resource management practices: European and US MNCs and their Greek subsidiaries,The International Journal of Human Resource Management,18(12), pp.2057-2074. Myloni, B., Harzing, A.W.K. and Mirza, H., 2004. Host country specific factors and the transfer of human resource management practices in multinational companies.International journal of Manpower,25(6), pp.518-534. Piotrowski, C., Guyette, R. 2010, Toyota Recall Crisis: Public Attitudes on Leadership and Ethics, Organization Development Journal, 28(2), 89-97. Riches, G., Martinez Jr, R., Maison, J., Klosterman, M. and Griffin, M., 2015, An Apple watch introduction, InApple Watch for Developers(pp. 19-25). Apress. Susaeta, L., Pin, J., 2008, The five phases in the transfer of HR policies and practices within MNCs. Working Paper No, 724, IESE Business School. Tiwari, N., 2013, Managing Human Resources in International Organizations, Global Journal of Management and Business Studies. ISSN 2248-9878 Volume 3, Number 4 (2013), pp. 355-360. Tungli, Z. and Peiperl, M., 2009, Expatriate practices in German, Japanese, UK, and US multinational companies: A comparative survey of changes, Human Resource Management,48(1), pp.153-171. Whiteoak, J., Crawford, N., Mapstone, R., 2006, Impact of gender and generational differences in work values and attitudes in an Arab culture. Thunderbird International Business Review , 48 (1).

Supernatural In Macbeth Essays - Characters In Macbeth,

Supernatural In Macbeth Supernatural Forces In Macbeth, there are many sections that refer to the involvement of the supernatural. The use of the supernatural in the script, the witches, the visions, the ghost of Banquo, and the apparitions, are key elements making the concept of the play work and in making the play interesting. Supernatural forces are definitely a major factor in developing the play. The use of the supernatural occurs at the beginning of the play, with three witches predicting the fate of Macbeth. This gives the audience a clue to what the future holds for Macbeth. When the battles lost and won (1.1.4), is said by the second witch, stating that the battle is lost by one side, and won by another. Macbeths fate is that he will win the battle, but will lose his soul. After the witches reveal the destiny of Macbeth, the plan to gain the power of the throne is brought up. The only way to gain the power of the throne is for Macbeth to work his way to the throne, or to murder King Duncan. Murdering the king is an easier plan. Lady Macbeth also relies on the supernatural in her soliloquy, where she calls upon the spirits to give her the power to plot the murder of Duncan without any remorse or conscience. Come, you spirits that tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, and fill me from the crown to the toe top-full of direst cruelty (1.5.47-50). Lady Macbeth convinces her husband, Macbeth, to murder King Duncan. On the night they plan to kill Duncan, Macbeth is waiting for Lady Macbeth to ring the bell, signaling him to go to Duncans chamber. On his way, he sees the vision of the dagger. The significance of the dagger is that it leads Macbeth towards the chamber by the presence of evil, it being covered with blood. When the bell rings, Macbeth stealthily proceeds up the staircase to Duncans chamber. After the murder is committed, Banquo develops suspicions about Macbeth killing Duncan to gain power to the throne. There is constantly more guilt and fear inside Macbeth and his wife, and they decide to have Banquo killed. Macbeth and his lady attend a banquet in which the ghost of Banquo appears. Once the murderer notifies Macbeth that the deed has been done, he observes the ghost of Banquo sitting in his reserved seat. This causes Macbeth to act in a wild manner, making people suspicious of his actions. (3.4.54-150) Further on in the play, Macbeth travels to meet the witches and demands to know what lies ahead for him. The three witches predict what he is going to ask and produce the first apparition, the armed head. The first apparition tells Macbeth to beware of Macduff. Macbeth! Macbeth! Macbeth! Beware Macduff! Beware the thane of Fife! Dismiss me. Enough (1.4.81-82). After this, the second apparition appears, a bloody child. Be bloody, bold, and resolute. Laugh to scorn the power of man, for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth (4.1.90-92). The apparition informs Macbeth that no man born from a woman, naturally, can harm him. Finally, the third apparition appears as a crowned child, with a tree in his hand. The apparition says that Macbeth will never be defeated until Birnam forest moves to Dunsinane. Be lion-mettled, proud, and take no care who chafes, who frets, or where conspirers are. Macbeth shall never vanquished be until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill shall come against hi m (4.1.103-107). These apparitions convince Macbeth that this is his fate and Macbeth becomes over confident, leading him to his death. The use of the supernatural in Macbeth brings the play to an end quite successfully. Stripped of the witches, the ghost of Banquo, the visions, and the apparitions, Shakespeare would require a different route to deliver the theme of the play, and consequentially, would lose most, if not all, of its significance it holds. English Essays

Free Essays on I Want To Know Why

In this story, the boy is taught a valuable lesson that he doesn’t understand. In the story, the main character (MC) and his friends go to the racetrack in their home town to see the horses and be around the folk there. They love horses and the atmosphere that the horses bring with them to the racetrack. In the story there is a man that MC looks up to more than his father. This shows that he did not view his father as a direct influence and authority figure in his life. He valued another strange man more. He felt that he could relate to this man more. This is apparent in today’s society also. Many adolescents view their parents, or more directly their fathers, in this way. In our story, the MC is semi close with his father. They are in the respects that his father understands that the MC is probably going to do what he wants. Sighting page two, the entire second paragraph, the MC says that he and his friends decided that they were going to set out to a different town where there was a big race. They totally disregarded what their parents would say. The MC’s father told him he could go to the race in his hometown; the MC didn’t expect his father to be too upset. This portrays that the MC has very little respect for his father and his decisions. When the MC returns home in the end of the story, he says that his father didn’t say much, sighting page 5 in the fifth full paragraph. This shows that his father was disappointed in him. What would you expect from a boy that is still growing up and rebellious without a stern and diligent father figure. In today’s society, a young boy of the age of 13 to 16 will do what he wants if he doesn’t have a father who sticks his nose in his son’s business enough to explain the world for what he can and to help his son through ordeals in his life. From my own personal experiences, I can say that I have been one of the fortunate young boys growing up with a father figure about me. My pa... Free Essays on I Want To Know Why Free Essays on I Want To Know Why In this story, the boy is taught a valuable lesson that he doesn’t understand. In the story, the main character (MC) and his friends go to the racetrack in their home town to see the horses and be around the folk there. They love horses and the atmosphere that the horses bring with them to the racetrack. In the story there is a man that MC looks up to more than his father. This shows that he did not view his father as a direct influence and authority figure in his life. He valued another strange man more. He felt that he could relate to this man more. This is apparent in today’s society also. Many adolescents view their parents, or more directly their fathers, in this way. In our story, the MC is semi close with his father. They are in the respects that his father understands that the MC is probably going to do what he wants. Sighting page two, the entire second paragraph, the MC says that he and his friends decided that they were going to set out to a different town where there was a big race. They totally disregarded what their parents would say. The MC’s father told him he could go to the race in his hometown; the MC didn’t expect his father to be too upset. This portrays that the MC has very little respect for his father and his decisions. When the MC returns home in the end of the story, he says that his father didn’t say much, sighting page 5 in the fifth full paragraph. This shows that his father was disappointed in him. What would you expect from a boy that is still growing up and rebellious without a stern and diligent father figure. In today’s society, a young boy of the age of 13 to 16 will do what he wants if he doesn’t have a father who sticks his nose in his son’s business enough to explain the world for what he can and to help his son through ordeals in his life. From my own personal experiences, I can say that I have been one of the fortunate young boys growing up with a father figure about me. My pa...

Difference Between the Bilateral and Unilateral Contract Essay

Difference Between the Bilateral and Unilateral Contract - Essay Example Businesses either being sole proprietorship or partnership require binding deals between two partners since equal contribution between each other is expected for the business growth. Input must be equal depending on what each is bringing to the business, and a unilateral contract becomes acceptable when the other party completely performs the action (Cheeseman, 2009). A unilateral contract would be considered in a scenario in which one expects some service done to them and in return, of remuneration for the service rendered thus, a promise is made for payment or honor of service rendered upon completion. For instance, an individual in an educational situation would consider a unilateral contract. Quintessentially, private tuition where payment is done upon completion of the desired session or as agreed. Production companies often sought unilateral agreements where they are paid upon completion of a task (Cheeseman, 2009). A bilateral contract would be considered between two individuals with the desire to start a partnership business whiles each makes contributions for security and more so if the two parties do not have a close, personal relationship. Large groups can also settle for a bilateral contract in case they plan to work together thus, a percentage of contribution is expected from each party and since law binds the contract, it helps to prevent a breach of the contract by either party. A unilateral contract can be changed by one party as it only stands when the other party performs the given task. The offeree only gets to be bound once he decides to commit to the contract. A bilateral contract is beneficial to the offeree since both parties make a law binding promise. A unilateral contract for the offerer can be beneficial once achieved as they bargain for completed performance rather than a promise to perform. An example being the case of an insurance company, which expects the insurer to make a promise for future performances.  

Case Study Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Case Study Analysis - Essay Example Babcock conducted wide level strategic changes specifically in areas of process re-engineering, management restructuring as well as people’s management. Efforts were successful and within first year of performance Babcock managed to generate efficiencies in excess to targets across the board without compromising any security risks and services. Babcock over years developed successful relationship with all stakeholders resulting Faslane to become home base for the entire UK submarine fleet. The case assessment herein provides the review of the strategic measures exercised by Babcock for the purpose in relevance to academic management literature. CASE STUDY ANALYSIS The strategic changes undertaken by Babcock from 2002 to 2010 changed the strategic model of Faslane. Broadly, the change has been taken in the areas of process re-engineering, people’s management with flattening management structure etc. The section provides the assessment of the referred changed from three a spect as discussed as follows: Describe the Strategic Change Context In 2002 The change undertaken at Babcock has can be defined as the transformational change among options set out below: (Balogun, J. (2001) Transformational change requires changing in believes and the culture in all (Johnson, Whittington, & Scholes, 2011). As noted in the description people at Faslane were more towards Inwards River fencing than actually intending to serve the Navy. John Howie the managing director of Babcock then also declared that efficiencies in the project are to be explored by changing the mindset of the people serving at Faslane to delivering services with minimum possible cost. Babcock adopted the strategic path for change with intense consideration adhered to factors that are sensitive to firm. These considerations were given to underlying situation of the firm within outer, middle and internal context as follows: (Balogun, J. (2001) Changes undertaken were strictly aligned to maintain wit h the organisational context as focus. Therefore, focus was made changing attitudes and processes than organisation. Low level changes were timed on first place with managerial transformation in later phase. Scope was maintained to change the attitudes towards jobs than changing jobs or people. Such as processes were engineered to ensure value addition to the processes ensuring critical steps preserved while eliminating wastes and redundancies. Almost entire staff was moved towards change with exploring change and efficiency possibilities and capabilities across the board. Small level readiness of employees for changed were enhanced with consistent communication and increased sharing of power. Restructuring, top-down path and participative approach, management leveraging support to understand the value addition paradigm of serving with least possible expense, leadership and involvement of change action team formed the defining characteristics of the strategic change design implement ed by Babcock at Faslane. For such change implementation Babcock undertook measures that consistently increased the strength of factors that appreciated and supported change (Milicevic & Ilic, 2010). In line with Lewin’s Force field analysis (Thompson & Martin, 2010), John undertook measures that also weakened the forces resisting change. Change drivers originally strengthened from the Babcok gaining contract for the job. Further, consistent contact with stakeholder ensuring the enhanced quality of service while reducing bureaucratic pressures from employees also

Dido Eminem Song Stan Film Studies Essay

Dido Eminem Song Stan Film Studies Essay The name Stan is the tile of a song that was recorded in 1999 by one of Americas best rappers; Eminem. The song features one of British best singers of all time; Dido. Eminem who real name is Marshal Bruce Mather III is one of Americas most celebrated record producer, rapper, actor, and song writer. Eminem is ranked among the best selling artists on the globe and this is evident in his sales throughout the 2000s. He is also one of the most celebrated rappers of all time and this is evident in the different magazines and charts all over the globe. In one of the rankings conducted by Rolling Stone magazine of best artists, Eminem was ranked 82nd out of the 100 greatest artists. He has also been declared as being the king of hip hop in many instances and by different magazines. From his worldwide sales, it is evident to note that the artist is a great influence. Eminem has managed to sell over 100 million copies of his records worldwide. This quantity of sales puts him on a high ran king position with regards to the best selling artists on the global platform. The artist is from Detroit in Michigan and was born on the 17th day of October in 1972. The author is associated with different labels most of which originate in the United States. Some of these labels include Interscope Records, Shady Records, Bassmint Productions, FBT Productions, Mashin Duck Records, and Web Entertainmen. Some of the close hip hop artists that have worked with Eminem in the past include Dr. Dre, Nate Dogg, Royce da 59, Xzbit, Slaughterhouse, Dido, D12, Prrof, Obie Trice, and Bad meets Evil. This paper will focus on conducting an extensive critique on Stan (Stubbs). Stan has received numerous awards from numerous international organizations. The song has been nominated for different awards since its release in 1999. Some of these awards include best song, video of the year, the best rap video, best cinematography, best direction, and best international artist. Some of the international entertainment institutions that have seen it fit to accord this song with the various awards and nominations include MTV, MTV Europe, and MuchMusic. There are numerous magazines that have also ranked the song under different categories and awards. In the various instances where entertainment organizations have compiled the best songs done by Eminem, this song has received high ranking positions. For instance, the Complex Magazine compiled a list of some of the 100 greatest songs done by Eminem and Stan was ranked second. In other similar compilations done, the song has received numerous high ranking positions. The song had such a big impact on the entertainment wo rld that it gave rise to slang. Today, the title of the song Stan is used in referring to a kind of obsession. Over the internet and online interactions, the name Stan is usually associated with the overzealous and sometimes maniacal obsession attached to a personality or celebrity (Hasted). The entire song is based on a fictional character that is presented as Stanley but mostly referred to as Stan. The character claims over and over that he is the biggest Eminem fan. This is presented in the various letters that are written to Eminem by the fan and how he tries to elaborate his exemplary attachment to Eminems lifestyle. The letters are written to the artist and every new letter brings out the ever growing obsession of the fan to Eminem. His obsession leads to anger when the Eminem fails to take note of the efforts of Stan. Stan is disappointed by the fact that Eminem does not seem to take note of the different efforts he makes in trying to establish communication with the artist. Each unanswered letter leads to progression of the fans anger and he gives up on writing more letters to the artist. The progression of his anger leads him to attempt a new mode of communication. According to the fan, this new communication is designed to be so intense that it will not only capture the attention of the artist, but also prompt the artist to respond to the communication. Stan creates a voice recording which he sends to the artist in a bid to get his attention. The recording is suicidal and Stan hopes to get the attention of the artist through providing a recording of his last activities (Stubbs). In the recording by Stan, he provides the artist with the events surrounding the attempt to not only end his own life, but also that of his pregnant girlfriend. Stan records himself in his car as he is speeding down on the highway headed for a bridge. In the recording, he starts off by telling the artist that he is sending him the recording with the hope that he will get to hear it and understand his anger. He tells Eminem of how he is doing 90 which is quite a high speed on the freeway but does not reveal his true intentions as of yet. After this, he goes on to scream to someone in the car. Stan screams at the other person to stop talking and from the manner he Stan expresses himself, it is evident to note that the other person is female. He goes on to introduce the person as his girlfriend. Throughout this time, there is a lot of screaming and screeching that is taking place within the recording. Stan informs Eminem that he has to get off the phone because he is almost at the b ridge. It is here that his Stans intentions are made clear with regards to the purpose of the recording. He presents his intention as being suicidal but stops to think about how he was supposed to send the recording to Eminem. Before he can contemplate on how he is to send the recording after he has driven the car into the river, the sound of tires screeching is heard then followed by a loud splash (Eminem). In the structure of the song, Stan initiates communication with Eminem and this is brought out in the first three verses. Here, Eminem is singing as Stan and most of the events present the activities surrounding the suicide by Stan. The fourth verse is delivered by Eminem and he presents information about how he attempted to initiate communication with Stan. He however realizes that he is late and the news about Stans death has already featured on the news. In one of the interviews conducted on Eminem by his radio station, there was additional information about the song that does not feature in most analyses. In the interview, Eminem stated that there was a verse in the original writing that did not feature in the song. The verse that was exempted was about the events that followed Stans survival of the suicide attempt. After the failed suicide attempt, Stan attempted to get back at Eminem and kill him. In the omitted verse Eminem ends up in hospital after defending himself but Stan does not give up. Stan goes on to attempt finishing what he had started at the hospital but ends up dead after Eminem kills him. The song was inspired by the demise of one of the closest members of the Eminems family. His uncle Ronnie is the inspirational force behind the writing and recording of the song. In 1991, Ronnie killed himself and this had a great impact on the life of Eminem as brought out in this song (Stubbs). The first verse of the song presents Stan in his bid to capture Eminems attention. He talks about how he Stan is for the third time writing to Eminem, with the hope that he will be in a position of communicating back to him. Throughout the course of the first verse, there is the sound of rain and thunder in the background. The sound of a pencil scratching on the surface of a paper as a person writes a letter is also one of the important sounds in the first verse. This depicts the unending efforts by Stan in trying to capture the attention of Eminem. His level of devotion to Eminem and his work is also brought out in the first verse. Here, Stan informs Eminem about how he has build up a whole room filled with the pictures and posters of Eminem. He also informs him about the two letters he has drafted and sent in the past. He goes on to state that Eminem might have most probably failed to receive the letters. Stans obsession of Eminem is also brought out through presenting details about his girlfriend. Stan informs Eminem about his girlfriend being pregnant and how he plans on naming the child Bonnie. The name is derived from one of Eminems songs in the Slim Shady Album. Stan goes on to express his commitment to Eminem when he passes his condolences about the dealt of one of Eminems family members (Stubbs) The second verse is the genesis of Stans frustration and this is brought out in the manner through which he expresses himself. He goes on to tell Eminem about how his lack of response is an issue of grave concern to him. He talks about how rude it is for Eminem not to respond to his fans. As Stans frustration increases, the background becomes louder and increasingly unsettled. In the course of the third verse, Stan presents information to Eminem about how he is going to kill himself and his girlfriend who is pregnant who he has tied up in the trunk. In presenting information about his girlfriend, Stan references one of the songs of Eminem named Kim in which Eminem killed his girlfriend by slitting his throat after realizing that she was cheating on her. Before he contemplates about how he can have the tape recording delivered to Eminem, Stan crushes into the river. The fourth verse is all about Eminems expression of the entire situation and how things have turned out (Hasted).